地下水在满足不同需求方面的关键作用,包括喝酒,工业,农业,强调了有效资源管理的紧迫性。过量的地下水开采,特别是在沿海地区,包括伊朗西北部的Urmia平原,破坏含水层内淡水和盐水边界之间的平衡。控制海水入侵的影响参数-地下水发生(G),含水层导水率(A),地下水位高于平均海平面的高度(L),与海岸的距离(D),海水入侵现状的影响(I),和饱和含水层的厚度(T)-合并以形成沿海含水层的GALDIT脆弱性指数。这项研究通过结合两个额外的水文地质变量:水力梯度(i)和抽水率(P)来丰富GALDIT框架。此扩展生成了七个不同的漏洞图(GALDIT,GAIDIT,GAIDIT-P,GALDIT-i,GALDIT-iP,GALDIT-P,GAPDIT).在Urmia平原,传统的GALDIT指数显示的脆弱性值从2到8.1不等,分为从微不足道到非常高的六类脆弱性。然而,修改后的指数,GAiDIT和GAiDIT-P,产生三级分类,从低到高的脆弱性。在GALDIT-i和GALDIT-iP中引入\"i\"和\"P\"参数,提高了漏洞映射的精度,改变类分布和加强脆弱性评级。东方,中央,Urmia平原的沿海地区显示出高到非常高的脆弱性水平,与西部地区的脆弱性较低相反。GALDIT-P(r=0.82)和GALDIT-iP(r=0.81)指数均与Cl浓度有很强的相关性,从而提高了比传统的GALDIT指数(r=0.72)的映射精度。敏感性分析突出了“i”参数的关键影响,建议应修改其权重。参数重新校准用于放大“G”的重要性,\"\"L,\"\"D,\"和\"i\"参数,同时减少其他人。多个水文地质变量的集成大大提高了地下水脆弱性评估的精度。
The critical role of groundwater in meeting diverse needs, including drinking, industrial, and agricultural, highlights the urgency of effective resource management. Excessive groundwater extraction, especially in coastal regions including Urmia Plain in NW Iran, disrupts the equilibrium between freshwater and saline boundaries within aquifers. Influential parameters governing seawater intrusion-groundwater occurrence (G), aquifer hydraulic conductivity (A), the height of groundwater level above the mean sea level (L), distance from the shore (D), impact of the existing status of seawater intrusion (I), and thickness of the saturated aquifer (T)-merge to shape the GALDIT vulnerability index for coastal aquifers. This study enriches the GALDIT framework by incorporating two additional hydrogeological variables: hydraulic gradient (i) and pumping rate (P). This expansion produces seven distinct vulnerability maps (GALDIT, GAiDIT, GAiDIT-P, GALDIT-i, GALDIT-iP, GALDIT-P, GAPDIT). In the Urmia Plain, the traditional GALDIT index reveals vulnerability values ranging from 2 to 8.1, categorized into six classes from negligible to very high vulnerability. However, the modified indices, GAiDIT and GAiDIT-P, yield a three-class categorization, ranging from low to high vulnerability. The introduction of the \"i\" and \"P\" parameters in GALDIT-i and GALDIT-iP enhances the precision of vulnerability mapping, altering class distribution and intensifying vulnerability ratings. The eastern, central, and coastal areas of the Urmia Plain demonstrate high to very high vulnerability levels, in contrast to the lower vulnerability observed in the western regions. Both the GALDIT-P (r = 0.82) and GALDIT-iP (r = 0.81) indices show strong correlations with Cl concentration, thereby improving mapping accuracy over the traditional GALDIT index (r = 0.72). A sensitivity analysis highlights the critical influence of the \"i\" parameter, suggesting its weighting should be revised. Parameter recalibration serves to amplify the significance of \"G,\" \"L,\" \"D,\" and \"i\" parameters, while diminishing others. The integration of multiple hydrogeological variables considerably enhances the precision of groundwater vulnerability assessments.