背景:母乳是生命最初几个月的最佳食物。主要目的是从产妇生活方式方面分析与不开始母乳喂养相关的因素,流行病学特征和母乳喂养信息。
方法:6个初级保健中心病例和对照的观察性分析研究。样本包括有5岁以下孩子的妇女,估计必要样本量为166例(未开始母乳喂养的女性)和166例对照(开始母乳喂养的女性)。在怀孕前和怀孕期间测量社会人口统计学和产妇生活方式变量,例如使用BPAAT问卷进行的体育锻炼,饮食与MEDAS-14问卷,烟草和酒精的消费。我们评估了有关母乳喂养的信息和意见以及以前的经验。
结果:该研究包括348名女性(174例和174例对照),平均年龄为33.4岁(SD,5.4).与不开始母乳喂养独立相关的变量是:没有母乳喂养的先前经验(优势比[OR],12.75),在怀孕或分娩期间做出决定(OR,10.55),没有结婚或合伙关系(或,3.42)并且在怀孕期间久坐2小时或更长时间/天(OR,1.77).
结论:在我们的研究中,与不开始母乳喂养相关的决定性因素是缺乏先前的母乳喂养经验,决定母乳喂养的时机,和婚姻状况。当谈到生活方式时,只有久坐的生活方式与不开始母乳喂养有关,而饮食或其他习惯没有影响。
BACKGROUND: Breast milk is the optimal food during the first months of life. The main objective was to analyse the factors associated with not initiating breastfeeding in terms of maternal lifestyles, epidemiological characteristics and information on breastfeeding.
METHODS: Observational analytical study of cases and controls in 6 primary care centres. The sample included women with a child under 5 years, with an estimated necessary sample size of 166 cases (women who did not initiate breastfeeding) and 166 controls (women who began breastfeeding). Sociodemographic and maternal lifestyle variables were measured before and during pregnancy, such as physical activity using the BPAAT questionnaire, diet with the MEDAS-14 questionnaire, and tobacco and alcohol consumption. We assessed the information and opinions about breastfeeding as well as previous experience with it.
RESULTS: The study included 348 women (174 cases and 174 controls) with a mean age of 33.4 years (SD, 5.4). The variables independently associated with not initiating breastfeeding were: absence of previous experience with breastfeeding (odds ratio [OR], 12.75), making the decision during pregnancy or delivery (OR, 10.55), not being married or in a partnership (OR, 3.42) and being sedentary for periods of 2 hours or greater/day during pregnancy (OR, 1.77).
CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the determining factors associated with not initiating breastfeeding were the lack of previous experience with breastfeeding, the timing of the decision about breastfeeding, and marital status. When it came to lifestyle, only a sedentary lifestyle was associated with not initiating breastfeeding, while dietary or other habits had no influence.