背景:在监狱中尊重人权和生物伦理原则是社会的一个重要方面,与普通民众的福祉成正比。迄今为止,监狱中缺乏这些道德原则,囚犯是虐待的受害者,对他们的身心健康产生了强烈影响。
方法:进行了系统评价,通过下面的单词(生物伦理学)和(监狱),(道德)和(监狱),(生物伦理学)和(监狱),(道德)和(监狱),(生物伦理学)和(监狱),(道德)和(监狱),(监狱)和(人权)。定义了纳入和排除标准,在PRISMA之后,系统评价共17篇。
结果:在17篇文章中,大多数是患病率研究(n.5)或调查(n.4),其次是横断面研究(n.3),定性研究(N.1),回顾性(n.1)和解释性序贯混合方法研究设计(n.1)。在大多数情况下,这些研究将生物伦理学与囚犯获得各种疾病的治疗联系起来,如疫苗接种,结核病,肝炎,艾滋病毒,还发现监狱中的生物伦理与囚犯的心理健康有关,残疾,老化,妇女的状况,自杀的风险或囚犯要求结束生命的风险。结果表明,维持生物伦理原则和尊重人权的制度存在缺陷。
结论:囚犯,事实上,发现很难获得护理,自杀和残疾的风险增加。此外,他们经常被用作不当的器官捐献者,并且自主权受到限制,这也损害了他们接受临终治疗的意愿。总之,监狱工作人员(医生,护士,狱警,管理人员)必须接受连续的进修课程,以确保监狱遵守道德原则和人权。
BACKGROUND: Respect for human rights and bioethical principles in prisons is a crucial aspect of society and is proportional to the well-being of the general population. To date, these ethical principles have been lacking in prisons and prisoners are victims of abuse with strong repercussions on their physical and mental health.
METHODS: A systematic
review was performed, through a MESH of the following words (bioethics) AND (
prison), (ethics) AND (
prison), (bioethics) AND (jail), (ethics) AND (jail), (bioethics) AND (penitentiary), (ethics) AND (penitentiary), (
prison) AND (human rights). Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined and after PRISMA, 17 articles were included in the systematic
review.
RESULTS: Of the 17 articles, most were prevalence studies (n.5) or surveys (n.4), followed by cross-sectional studies (n.3), qualitative studies (n.1), retrospective (n.1) and an explanatory sequential mixed-methods study design (n.1). In most cases, the studies associated bioethics with prisoners\' access to treatment for various pathologies such as vaccinations, tuberculosis, hepatitis, HIV, it was also found that bioethics in prisons was related to the mental health of prisoners, disability, ageing, the condition of women, the risk of suicide or with the request for end-of-life by prisoners. The results showed shortcomings in the system of maintaining bioethical principles and respect for human rights.
CONCLUSIONS: Prisoners, in fact, find it difficult to access care, and have an increased risk of suicide and disability. Furthermore, they are often used as improper organ donors and have constrained autonomy that also compromises their willingness to have end-of-life treatments. In conclusion,
prison staff (doctors, nurses, warders, managers) must undergo continuous refresher courses to ensure compliance with ethical principles and human rights in prisons.