Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: The dual epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and human immuno-deficiency virus (HIV) in Sub-Saharan Africa has increased substantially in recent years, with cardiovascular disease representing a significant contributor to the regional burden of disease. Very little is known about the cardiovascular health of people deprived of their liberty in the region. The purpose of this study was to collate extant literature on the topic.
METHODS: A scoping review mapped and described what is known about cardiovascular disease in prison populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic search of empirical literature with no date limitation was conducted in English. Sixteen studies representing six Sub-Saharan African countries (Cameroon, Nigeria, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Ethiopia) were charted, categorised and thematically analysed.
RESULTS: Seven key themes were identified: custodial deaths and autopsy; cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise; cardiovascular disease and elderly people in prison; cardiovascular disease and women in prison; dietary deficiencies; influence of sleep patterns on cardiovascular disease; and other associated risk factors. Most natural deaths at autopsy of custodial deaths were due to cardiovascular disease. Cardiorespiratory fitness was low in prisons, and poor sleep patterns and dietary deficiencies are likely contributors to the burden of cardiovascular disease in prisons. The needs of elderly and female prison populations are ill-considered.
CONCLUSIONS: To the best of the authors\' knowledge, this is the first known attempt to scope extant literature on cardiovascular disease in Sub-Saharan African prisons. A strategic focus on the cardiovascular health of people in prison is warranted. Routine monitoring and expansion of existing prison health-care services and integration of NCD services with infectious disease (HIV and tuberculosis) programmes in prisons are required.
METHODS: A scoping review mapped and described what is known about cardiovascular disease in prison populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. A systematic search of empirical literature with no date limitation was conducted in English. Sixteen studies representing six Sub-Saharan African countries (Cameroon, Nigeria, Guinea, Burkina Faso, Ghana and Ethiopia) were charted, categorised and thematically analysed.
RESULTS: Seven key themes were identified: custodial deaths and autopsy; cardiorespiratory fitness and exercise; cardiovascular disease and elderly people in prison; cardiovascular disease and women in prison; dietary deficiencies; influence of sleep patterns on cardiovascular disease; and other associated risk factors. Most natural deaths at autopsy of custodial deaths were due to cardiovascular disease. Cardiorespiratory fitness was low in prisons, and poor sleep patterns and dietary deficiencies are likely contributors to the burden of cardiovascular disease in prisons. The needs of elderly and female prison populations are ill-considered.
CONCLUSIONS: To the best of the authors\' knowledge, this is the first known attempt to scope extant literature on cardiovascular disease in Sub-Saharan African prisons. A strategic focus on the cardiovascular health of people in prison is warranted. Routine monitoring and expansion of existing prison health-care services and integration of NCD services with infectious disease (HIV and tuberculosis) programmes in prisons are required.
摘要：
目标：近年来，撒哈拉以南非洲非传染性疾病（NCDs）和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的双重流行大幅增加，心血管疾病是区域疾病负担的重要原因。对该地区被剥夺自由者的心血管健康知之甚少。这项研究的目的是整理有关该主题的现有文献。
方法：一项范围综述绘制并描述了撒哈拉以南非洲监狱人口中心血管疾病的已知情况。用英语对没有日期限制的经验文献进行了系统的搜索。代表六个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的16项研究(喀麦隆，尼日利亚,几内亚,布基纳法索,加纳和埃塞俄比亚)被绘制成图表，分类和主题分析。
结果：确定了七个关键主题：监禁死亡和尸检；心肺健康和运动；心血管疾病和监狱中的老年人；心血管疾病和监狱中的妇女；饮食不足；睡眠模式对心血管疾病的影响；和其他相关的危险因素。在监护死亡的尸检中，大多数自然死亡是由于心血管疾病。监狱的心肺健康状况很低，不良的睡眠模式和饮食不足可能是造成监狱心血管疾病负担的原因。老年人和女性监狱人口的需求没有得到充分考虑。
结论：据作者所知，这是对撒哈拉以南非洲监狱中有关心血管疾病的现有文献进行的首次尝试。有必要将战略重点放在监狱中人员的心血管健康上。需要例行监测和扩大现有的监狱保健服务，并将非传染性疾病服务与监狱中的传染病（艾滋病毒和结核病）计划相结合。
方法：一项范围综述绘制并描述了撒哈拉以南非洲监狱人口中心血管疾病的已知情况。用英语对没有日期限制的经验文献进行了系统的搜索。代表六个撒哈拉以南非洲国家的16项研究(喀麦隆，尼日利亚,几内亚,布基纳法索,加纳和埃塞俄比亚)被绘制成图表，分类和主题分析。
结果：确定了七个关键主题：监禁死亡和尸检；心肺健康和运动；心血管疾病和监狱中的老年人；心血管疾病和监狱中的妇女；饮食不足；睡眠模式对心血管疾病的影响；和其他相关的危险因素。在监护死亡的尸检中，大多数自然死亡是由于心血管疾病。监狱的心肺健康状况很低，不良的睡眠模式和饮食不足可能是造成监狱心血管疾病负担的原因。老年人和女性监狱人口的需求没有得到充分考虑。
结论：据作者所知，这是对撒哈拉以南非洲监狱中有关心血管疾病的现有文献进行的首次尝试。有必要将战略重点放在监狱中人员的心血管健康上。需要例行监测和扩大现有的监狱保健服务，并将非传染性疾病服务与监狱中的传染病（艾滋病毒和结核病）计划相结合。
