背景:增加山区活动和减少参与者准备,以及气候变化,建议需要量身定做山地救援。在瑞典,这些服务缺乏先前的医学研究。该研究的目的是描述瑞典山区救援任务,作为未来研究的基础,公共教育,资源分配,救援人员训练。
方法:回顾性分析2018-2022年瑞典国家山区救援警察登记处的所有任务报告(n=1543)。成果衡量标准是特派团的频率和特点,伤亡,死亡人数,外伤,医疗条件,和事件机制。
结果:Jämtland县的任务比例最高(38%),其次是Norrbotten县(36%)。2%的任务涉及≥4人伤亡,44%涉及≥4名山地救援人员。在59%的任务中记录了直升机的使用。非瑞典公民在12%的任务中获救。37%的伤亡者是女性。14%的伤亡者年龄≥66岁或≤12岁。在总共39人死亡中,心脏事件(n=14)是最常见的死亡原因,其次是创伤(n=10)和溺水(n=8)。有一次雪崩死亡。8人死亡与雪地摩托有关,在总共1543次任务中,309(20%)正在解决雪地摩托事件。在非致命伤亡中,431涉及医疗状况,其中90人(21%)患有体温过低,73人(17%)患有心血管疾病。
结论:这些基线数据表明雪地摩托,心脏事件,溺水,多伤亡事件,国内外内科值得未来研究和干预。
BACKGROUND: Increasing mountain activity and decreasing participant preparedness, as well as climate change, suggest needs to tailor mountain rescue. In Sweden, previous medical research of these services are lacking. The aim of the study is to describe Swedish mountain rescue missions as a basis for future studies, public education, resource allocation, and rescuer training.
METHODS: Retrospective analysis of all mission
reports in the national Swedish
Police Registry on Mountain Rescue 2018-2022 (n = 1543). Outcome measures were frequencies and characteristics of missions, casualties, fatalities, traumatic injuries, medical conditions, and incident mechanisms.
RESULTS: Jämtland county had the highest proportion of missions (38%), followed by Norrbotten county (36%). 2% of missions involved ≥ 4 casualties, and 44% involved ≥ 4 mountain rescuers. Helicopter use was recorded in 59% of missions. Non-Swedish citizens were rescued in 12% of missions. 37% of casualties were females. 14% of casualties were ≥ 66 or ≤ 12 years of age. Of a total 39 fatalities, cardiac event (n = 14) was the most frequent cause of death, followed by trauma (n = 10) and drowning (n = 8). There was one avalanche fatality. 8 fatalities were related to snowmobiling, and of the total 1543 missions, 309 (20%) were addressing snowmobiling incidents. Of non-fatal casualties, 431 involved a medical condition, of which 90 (21%) suffered hypothermia and 73 (17%) cardiovascular illness.
CONCLUSIONS: These baseline data suggest snowmobiling, cardiac events, drownings, multi-casualty incidents, and backcountry internal medicine merit future study and intervention.