阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理变化在临床发病前10-20年开始,因此,需要确定有效的早期诊断方法。鼻粘膜是用于测量AD相关生物标志物的靶组织,因为嗅神经是暴露于外部环境的唯一颅神经。我们描述了一个快速发展的少年AD(JAD)的尸检案例,专注于嗅觉系统。老年斑的形成,神经原纤维缠结(NFT),在颞叶皮层检查神经纤维线,海马体,嗅觉灯泡,双侧嗅裂的嗅觉和呼吸上皮。还检查了嗅觉和呼吸道上皮的神经退行性变化以及淀粉样β42(Aβ42)和磷酸化tau的病理沉积。因此,老年斑,NFTs,在颞叶皮层中发现了神经纤维线,海马体,和嗅觉灯泡。在嗅觉上皮中也发现了NFTs。退化的嗅觉细胞及其轴突对磷酸化tau染色呈阳性。变性嗅觉上皮中的支持细胞对Aβ42染色阳性。总之,AD的病理生物标志物在该JAD患者的退化嗅觉上皮中表达。该观察表明鼻样品可用于AD的诊断。
The pathological changes of Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) begin 10-20 years before clinical onset, and it is therefore desirable to identify effective methods for early diagnosis. The nasal mucosa is a target tissue for measuring AD-related biomarkers because the olfactory nerve is the only cranial nerve that is exposed to the external environment. We describe an autopsy
case of rapidly advanced juvenile AD (JAD), focusing on the olfactory system. The formation of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and neuropil threads was examined in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, and olfactory and respiratory epithelia in the bilateral olfactory clefts. Neurodegenerative changes in the olfactory and respiratory epithelia and the pathological deposition of amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and phosphorylated tau were also examined. As a result, senile plaques, NFTs, and neuropil threads were found in the temporal cortex, hippocampus, and olfactory bulb. NFTs were also found in the olfactory epithelium. Degenerated olfactory cells and their axons stained positive for phosphorylated tau. Supporting cells in the degenerated olfactory epithelium stained positive for Aβ42. In conclusion, pathological biomarkers of AD were expressed in the degenerated olfactory epithelium of this JAD patient. This observation suggests that nasal samples may be useful for the diagnosis of AD.