背景:尽管学术界和媒体界对叙利亚难民的困境有广泛的兴趣,仍然有有限的研究来分析叙利亚政权下酷刑幸存者的生活经历。这项定性研究采访了酷刑幸存者,以检查叙利亚政权安全机构的形式和功能,以及幸存者的个人后果。
方法:用阿拉伯语对遭受酷刑的叙利亚难民进行了13次深入访谈。研究参与者至少19岁,作为难民居住在约旦,并自愿同意参加研究。参与是匿名的,没有提供任何奖励。只需要口头同意。录音采访被转录并翻译成英文,然后利用叙事方法分析重复的主题。
结果:在三个经验阶段观察到了主要主题:囚禁前,在被囚禁期间,和后囚禁。囚禁前阶段包括两个子主题:叙利亚政权的初步发现和逮捕系统,还有情报系统.囚禁阶段也分为两个分主题:拘留设施的环境条件,和酷刑方法,包括身体和心理上的酷刑。拘留设施的一些环境条件包括缺乏卫生设施,拥挤,饥饿,并扣留医疗服务。酷刑方法包括殴打,电击,拔钉,悬挂,溺水,窒息,强奸,和杀戮的见证,性侵犯,或对他人的折磨。囚禁后的阶段包括他们从囚禁中释放,逃离叙利亚,以及流离失所后的条件和行动主义。
结论:叙利亚政权使用庞大的安全机构进行追踪,拘留,审讯,酷刑,征服它的平民。一个系统的机制甚至在被囚禁之前就开始了,并在释放后持续了多年,对幸存者的福祉有负面影响,他们的家人,和叙利亚人民作为一个集体社区。叙利亚战争看到了大规模拘留的转变,酷刑作为一种社会惩罚,征服,不确定的监禁。干预机构,东道国,政策制定者必须了解幸存者的经验,以更好地满足他们的需求。此外,国际社会必须倡导反对酷刑的坚定立场,要求正义,并起诉所有参与延续这种极端形式的痛苦和创伤的各方。
Despite broad interest of the Syrian refugee plight in the academic and media circles, there are still limited studies analyzing the lived experiences of torture survivors under the Syrian regime. This qualitative
study interviewed torture survivors to examine the form and function of the Syrian regime\'s security apparatus, and the personal aftermath of survivors.
Thirteen in-depth interviews were conducted in Arabic with Syrian refugees who endured torture.
Study participants were at least 19 years of age, resided as refugees in Jordan, and voluntarily agreed to participate in the
study. Participation was anonymous and no incentives were provided. Only oral consent was required. Audio-recorded interviews were transcribed and translated to English, and then analyzed for repetitive themes utilizing the narrative approach.
Major themes were observed across three experience-phases: pre-captivity, during captivity, and post-captivity. The pre-captivity phase included two sub-themes: the Syrian regime\'s initial detection and arrest system, and the intelligence system. The captivity phase was also divided into two sub-themes: environmental conditions in detention facilities, and torture methods including physical and psychological torture. Some of the environmental conditions in detention facilities included lack of sanitation, crowding, starvation, and withholding of medical care. Torture methods encompassed beatings, electric shocks, nail-pulling, hanging, drowning, suffocation, rape, and the witnessing of killing, sexual assault, or torture of others. The post-captivity phase included their release from captivity, escaping Syria, and post-displacement conditions and activism.
The Syrian regime employs a vast security apparatus to track, detain, interrogate, torture, and subjugate its civilian population. A systematic mechanism commences even before captivity and continues for years after release, with negative implications on the well-being of survivors, their families, and the Syrian people as a collective community. The Syrian war saw a shift toward mass detention, torture as a form of social punishment, subjugation, and indeterminate imprisonment. Intervention agencies, host countries, and policymakers must be informed of survivors\' experiences to better address their needs. Moreover, the international community must advocate for a firm stance against torture, demand justice, and prosecute all parties engaged in perpetuating such extreme forms of suffering and trauma.