细胞膜不是蛋白质的同质混合物;相反,基于特定脂质和蛋白质之间的优先缔合,它们被分离成微结构域。这些微域,叫做脂筏,众所周知,它们在质膜(PM)上的受体信号传导中的作用,并且对于PM的信号转导和空间组织等细胞功能至关重要。许多疾病状态,包括动脉粥样硬化和其他心血管疾病,可能是由脂筏的功能失调引起的。脂筏不仅发生在PM中,而且还在细胞内膜和细胞外囊泡(EV)中发现。这里,我们专注于讨论新发现的细胞内膜脂筏和微结构域的功能,包括从急诊室运输的脂质和蛋白质,高尔基尸体,和内体到PM,我们研究了脂筏参与电动汽车的生产和组成。因为脂筏小且短暂,可视化仍然具有挑战性。未来使用先进技术的工作将继续扩大我们关于脂筏在细胞功能中的作用的知识。
Cellular membranes are not homogenous mixtures of proteins; rather, they are segregated into
microdomains on the basis of preferential association between specific lipids and proteins. These
microdomains, called lipid rafts, are well known for their role in receptor signaling on the plasma membrane (PM) and are essential to such cellular functions as signal transduction and spatial organization of the PM. A number of disease states, including atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular disorders, may be caused by dysfunctional maintenance of lipid rafts. Lipid rafts do not occur only in the PM but also have been found in intracellular membranes and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Here, we focus on discussing newly discovered functions of lipid rafts and
microdomains in intracellular membranes, including lipid and protein trafficking from the ER, Golgi bodies, and endosomes to the PM, and we examine lipid raft involvement in the production and composition of EVs. Because lipid rafts are small and transient, visualization remains challenging. Future work with advanced techniques will continue to expand our knowledge about the roles of lipid rafts in cellular functioning.