背景:麻疹是发热性疾病的高度传染性原因,常见于幼儿。它主要通过呼吸道液滴和小颗粒气溶胶传播,并且可以在空气中保持活力。尽管有有效的疫苗,麻疹仍然是一个重大的全球性问题,特别是在疫苗接种率低的地区。
目的:本研究旨在量化各种室内环境中麻疹病毒的空气传播风险。
方法:使用室内二氧化碳(CO2)水平,我们估计了四种假设室内情况下的空中传播概率和基本再现数(Ro),包括餐馆,群众集会活动,homes,和商务会议,基于改进的Wells-Riley模型。
结果:空气传播速率与室内CO2浓度之间的关系可视化,有和没有面具的使用。没有面具,在室内CO2浓度为1,000ppm时,家庭(100.0%)和商务会议(100.0%)的空中传播率很高,餐馆(45.6%)和现场活动(30.6%)的空中传播率很高。相比之下,在观众参与的现场活动(60.9%)和餐馆(13.2%)中,表明集群感染的风险较高。
结论:在所有室内环境场景中,空气传播风险与室内CO2水平呈正线性关系.空中传播的风险在不同情况下差异很大,受到各种参数的影响,如面具的使用,通风质量,谈话,和暴露持续时间。该模型表明,可以使用CO2仪表轻松预测空气传播麻疹的风险。
BACKGROUND: Measles is a highly contagious cause of febrile illness typically seen in young children. It is transmitted primarily through respiratory droplets and small-particle aerosols and can remain viable in the air. Despite the availability of an effective vaccine, measles remains a major global issue, particularly in regions with low vaccination rates.
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to quantify the airborne transmission risk of the measles virus in various indoor environments.
METHODS: Using indoor carbon dioxide (CO2) levels, we estimated the probability of airborne transmission and the basic reproduction number (Ro) in four hypothetical indoor scenarios, including restaurants, mass gathering events, homes, and business meetings, based on the modified Wells-Riley model.
RESULTS: The relationship between airborne transmission rates and indoor CO2 concentrations was visualized, with and without mask usage. Without masks, at an indoor CO2 concentration of 1,000 ppm, the airborne transmission rates were high in homes (100.0%) and business meetings (100.0%) and moderate in restaurants (45.6%) and live events (30.6%). By contrast, the Ro was high in audience-participatory live events (60.9%) and restaurants (13.2%), indicating a higher risk of cluster infections.
CONCLUSIONS: In all indoor environmental scenarios, a positive linear relationship was found between the risk of airborne transmission and indoor CO2 levels. The risk of airborne transmission varied significantly across scenarios, which was influenced by various parameters, such as mask usage, quality of ventilation, conversation, and exposure duration. This model suggests that the risk of airborne transmission of measles can be easily predicted using a CO2 meter.