Orbital defects due to congenital causes, cancer, and trauma can compromise appearance and function, creating a deep psychological impact on an individual\'s life. The prosthetic rehabilitation of such patients is challenging. The objective of prosthetic treatment of an ocular defect is to provide a well-fitting ocular prosthesis that closely resembles the original eye, restoring the patient\'s self-confidence and social acceptance. Ocular prostheses can be customized or prefabricated. The challenge encountered with prefabricated eye prostheses is a poor fit. Customized prostheses exhibit better fit, aesthetic outcome, and comfort to the patient in the long term. The article describes a technique to fabricate an ocular prosthesis with a stock iris and customized sclera that is both functional and aesthetically pleasing.

Although deterioration of silicone maxillofacial prostheses is severely accentuated in smoking patients, the phenomenon has not been systematically studied. To address a gap in the literature concerning the stability of maxillofacial prostheses during service, in this contribution, the effect of cigarette smoke on the aspect and physical properties of M511 silicone elastomer was evaluated. The aspect, surface, and overall properties of the silicone material, pigmented or not, were followed by AFM, color measurements, FTIR, water contact angle measurements, TGA-DTG and DSC, hardness and compression stress-strain measurements. The types of the contaminants adsorbed were assessed by XRF, ESI-MS, MALDI-MS, and NMR spectral analyses. Important modifications in color, contact angle, surface roughness, local mechanical properties, and thermal properties were found in the silicone material for maxillofacial prostheses after exposure to cigarettes smoke. The presence of lead, nicotine, and several other organic compounds adsorbed into the silicone material was emphasized. Slight decrease in hardness and increase in Young\'s modulus was found. The combined data show important impact of cigarette smoke on the silicone physical properties and could indicate chemical transformations by secondary cross-linking. To our knowledge, this is the first study making use of complementary physical methods to assess the effect of cigarette smoke on the aspect and integrity of silicone materials for maxillofacial prostheses.

UNASSIGNED: the present study aimed to establish an epidemiological profile of patients consulting the unit of maxillofacial prosthodontics in Rabat. Results deriving from this study will help enhance the quality of patient care in our center and can also serve as a comparison tool with other maxillofacial teams around the world.
UNASSIGNED: during 11 months all patients consulting the unit of maxillofacial prosthodontics in our center were included. We opted for a questionnaire with 3 variables: socio-demographics, clinical examination data, and the type of prosthetic treatment adopted. The study was conducted in the Department of Removable Prosthodontics in the Center of Consultation and Dental Treatment of Rabat Morocco (CCDTR) from September 2020 to July 2021.
UNASSIGNED: the study population consisted of 91 patients, with a majority of male patients at 53% (n=48). During our study period, the proportion of patients under one-year-old was predominant, accounting for 38.4% (n=35) of the total sample. Among the patients in the sample, 72.5% (n=66) had no profession, while 66% (n=60) had a low income. Regarding medical insurance, the majority of our patients, 85.5% (n=78), were covered by Public Health Insurance for the Low-income Population (PHILP). Among the total sample, 57.1% (n=52) consulted for a combination of pain function and aesthetics. Additionally, 61.5% (n=56) were referred by teaching hospitals. For the type of oro-facial defect, 52.7% (n=48) of the sample consisted of newborns with congenital facial cleft. Out of the 91 patients, 36 had maxillofacial tumors, with 47.6% (n=17) of them presenting squamous cell carcinoma. Furthermore, 63.7% (n=58) of the prosthetic treatments adopted involved presurgical orthopedic treatments for newborns with facial cleft.
UNASSIGNED: the study on the epidemiological profile of patients attending the maxillofacial prosthodontics unit at Ibn Sina University Hospital in Rabat, Morocco provides important insights. The findings highlight the predominance of male patients and the prevalence of oro-facial defects in newborns. Socioeconomic factors, such as low income and lack of profession, are significant considerations. The majority of patients are covered by the PHILP, indicating the importance of medical insurance. These findings contribute to improving healthcare planning and specialized care for this patient population.

This clinical report summarizes a workflow that introduces two approaches for fabricating a metal framework removable partial denture for a marginal mandibulectomy patient. First, the pre-existing denture was adjusted according to the piezographic technique to determine the optimal configuration for adhering to the available denture space. Second, computer-aided design-computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology was used to fabricate a new removable partial denture by digitally scanning the oral condition and the well-adjusted denture and then using the obtained data to design and fabricate the new denture. These two approaches can help to reduce chair time not only for maxillofacial prosthetic treatment but also for other denture cases.

The aim of this study was to assess the perceptibility and acceptability thresholds of maxillofacial silicones for light and dark skin colors and to evaluate the effect of gender and professional experience on these thresholds. Two different sets of specimens (as light and dark) each, consisting of 14 (25 × 25 × 6-mm3) silicone skin replications, were produced. Four specimens of each set were produced from the same silicon mixture of the relevant set and polymerized simultaneously to provide standardized fabrication conditions. These 4 light/dark specimens were assigned as \"baseline color specimens (BCs)\" in each set, while the other 10 specimens were produced with a color difference level that increased gradually from BC. These stepped levels were obtained by controlled increasing of the pigment concentration in the relevant baseline silicon mixture. Color difference levels of specimens were calculated by using the CIELAB and CIEDE2000 formulas. Observers comprised of 3 different professional experiences as first-year dental students, interns, and dentists (n = 30/group, gender-balanced) were included. Combinations consisting of 5 specimens with 4 BCs and 1 different color were shown to the observers to assess whether the color difference was perceptible or acceptable. Perceptibility and acceptability percentages were regressed with color difference levels to estimate the best fit curve and confidence intervals were calculated (α = 0.05). The highest estimation of the coefficient of determination (R2) was found in the cubic curve for all parameters. A significant difference was found between the light and dark colors. The perceptibility thresholds (ΔE*ab/ΔE00) were 0.8/0.59 and 2.63/1.75 for light and dark colors, respectively. The acceptability thresholds (ΔE*ab/ΔE00) were 3.35/2.25, 10.07/7.04 for light and dark colors, respectively. No significant differences were found between gender and among experience groups concerning visual thresholds. Regardless of gender and experience, observers could perceive color differences more easily in light skin colors.

It is a well-known saying that the eyes are \"windows to the soul.\" The absence or loss of any facial part, particularly the vision, can lead to severe physical as well as emotional trauma. Losing any part of the face causes the patient societal, physical, and psychological anguish. An ocular prosthesis aims to improve social acceptance and boost self-confidence by restoring the facial appearance. A pediatric dental specialist should be a part of the maxillofacial prosthesis team since maxillofacial prosthetic rehabilitation in young children can be challenging, especially with the less cooperative ones. The following case report describes these challenges in relation to a 5-year-old boy who had his eye enucleated due to trauma. The purpose of the case was to provide custom-built, acrylic ocular prostheses in as comfortable and atraumatic manner as possible by the maxillofacial prosthetic team.
UNASSIGNED: Bansod AV, Pisulkar S, Beri A, et al. Rehabilitation of an Ocular Defect Using a Custom Ocular Prosthesis in a Pediatric Patient. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2024;17(4):479-482.

The repair of hemimandibulectomy defects involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is challenging. This study compared the functional outcomes and reconstruction accuracy using a deep circumflex iliac artery (DCIA) flap with and without a virtually planned stock TMJ prosthesis (TMJP) after hemimandibulectomy. Ten patients were assessed: five with a TMJP (TMJP group) and five without (control group). A three-dimensional comparison revealed a mean deviation of 0.11 ± 0.04 mm between the planned and actual DCIA flap with TMJP. The planned and actual TMJP positions differed by 0.56 ± 0.57 mm in height, 0.33 ± 0.24 mm ventrally/dorsally, and 1.18 ± 0.42 mm medially/laterally. Mouth opening, laterotrusion, and midline deviation were significantly greater in the control group than in the TMJP group (P = 0.024, P = 0.008, P = 0.024). The deviation in ventral to dorsal translation for the DCIA flap was slightly higher than reported values in the literature, while height deviation was comparable. Lower deviations in the literature were due to the DCIA flap being used where both TMJs were intact. The in-house virtually planned DCIA flap with stock TMJP yielded results comparable to more expensive patient-specific prostheses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the current evidence of digital workflow feasibility based on the data acquisition methods and the software tools used to fabricate intraoral prostheses for patients with partial or total maxillary and mandibular defects.
METHODS: An electronic search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science using a combination of relevant keywords: digital workflow, digital designing, computer-assisted design-computer aided manufacturing, 3D printing, maxillectomy, and mandibulectomy. The Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Tool was used to assess the quality of evidence in the studies reviewed.
RESULTS: From a total of 542 references, 33 articles were selected, including 25 on maxillary prostheses and 8 on mandibular prostheses. The use of digital workflows was limited to one or two steps of the fabrication of the prostheses, and only four studies described a complete digital workflow. The most preferred method for data acquisition was intraoral scanning with or without a cone beam computed tomography combination.
CONCLUSIONS: Currently, the fabrication process of maxillofacial prostheses requires combining digital and conventional methods. Simplifying the data acquisition methods and providing user-friendly and affordable software may encourage clinicians to use the digital workflow more frequently for patients requiring maxillofacial prostheses.

the aim of this paper, is to propose a new reference line: the Frontozygomatic-Infraorbital Line (FZ-IOL). This reference line can guide the surgical team planning mandibular angle harmonization, based on the patient\'s skeletal proportion. The Frontozygomatic-Infraorbital Line has been adopted for symmetrization surgery, masculinization surgery, and in unsatisfactory results of previous orthognathic surgery. From March 2021 to December 2022, 3 patients were treated for severe facial asymmetry affecting mainly the lower third of the face. All cases were planned with the reference FZ-IOL. Patients were treated in the same center, at the Orthognathic Surgery Department of the Instituto Portugues da Face, Lisbon, Portugal. The Frontozygomatic-Infraorbital Line is designed virtually using software to reconstruct a 3D image from a digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) file obtained from a cone beam computer tomography (CBCT). , connecting the two orbital rims. Then, a vertical line, the frontozygomatic line perpendicular to the IOL and passing through the outmost lateral portion of the frontozygomatic suture is drawn. The proposed line demonstrated how establishing appropriate reference lines is crucial for the success of the surgery. The selection of reference lines should be based on the patient\'s anatomy, the symmetrization process\'s complexity, and the surgery\'s desired outcome. The Frontozygomatic-Infraorbital Line represents an adequate reference line for managing mandibular angle lateral projection, improving lower third of the face symmetrization.

In a rare condition known as vaginal agenesis, the uterus (womb) may develop only partially or not at all, while the vagina fails to develop altogether. It is common to diagnose vaginal agenesis, when a female does not start menstruation at puberty. This is a prenatal disorder that may also be linked to bone or kidney issues. Mullerian agenesis, Mullerian aplasia, and Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome are other names for the illness. Treatment modalities encompass surgical and nonsurgical interventions, including the utilization of prefabricated or customized vaginal stents for neovagina reconstruction and maintenance. This case report describes the development of a neovagina in a 27-year-old female diagnosed with vaginal agenesis, a characteristic of MRKH syndrome. A customized clear acrylic stent, designed to provide a resilient surface, serves as a straightforward and cost-efficient alternative for managing this condition. Significantly, it enhances patient\'s compliance and comfort during treatment, addressing both the physical and psychological ramifications of this congenital anomaly. This customized vaginal stent not only provides a practical solution but also contributes to enhancing the quality of life for individuals grappling with vaginal agenesis, thereby offering a promising avenue for addressing the multifaceted challenges associated with this condition.