背景:在全球范围内,大多数耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)患者及其家庭经历灾难性的疾病成本,诊断,和关心。然而,与经历灾难性成本相关的因素知之甚少。本研究旨在确定胡志明市(HCMC)受MDR-TB影响的家庭中与灾难性成本相关的风险因素,越南。
方法:在2020年10月至2022年4月之间,数据是使用当地适应的,世卫组织在HCMC十个地区的结核病患者成本纵向调查。在三个时间点对94名耐多药结核病患者进行了为期9个月的结核病治疗方案的调查:治疗开始两周后,完成强化期和治疗结束(分别在治疗开始后约5个月和10个月)。灾难性成本阈值被定义为与结核病相关的总成本超过年度结核病前家庭收入的20%。Logistic回归用于确定与经历灾难性成本相关的变量。敏感性分析使用替代阈值和成本估算方法检查了灾难性成本的普遍性。
结果:大多数参与者(81/93[87%])经历了灾难性的成本,尽管大多数86/93(93%)通过现有的社会保护计划获得了经济支持。在经历和没有经历灾难性成本的参与家庭中,耐多药结核病治疗前家庭收入中位数相似.然而,耐多药结核病治疗结束时,家庭收入中位数较低(258[IQR:0-516]USDvs.656[IQR:462-989]美元;p=0.003),收入损失中位数较高(2838[IQR:1548-5418]USDvs.301[IQR:0-824]USD;p<0.001)在经历灾难性成本的参与家庭中。作为耐多药结核病治疗前家庭的主要收入来源(aOR=11.2[95%CI:1.6-80.5]),受教育程度较低(aOR=22.3[95%CI:1.5-344.1])和耐多药结核病治疗开始时失业(aOR=35.6[95%CI:2.7-470.3])与灾难性成本相关.
结论:尽管社会保护覆盖率良好,HCMC的大多数耐多药结核病患者经历了灾难性的成本。灾难性成本的发生与家庭的主要收入来源或失业无关。修订和扩展战略,以减轻与结核病相关的灾难性成本,特别是避免失业和收入损失,迫切需要。
Globally, most people with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) and their households experience catastrophic costs of illness, diagnosis, and care. However, the factors associated with experiencing catastrophic costs are poorly understood. This
study aimed to identify risk factors associated with catastrophic costs incurrence among MDR-TB-affected households in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Viet Nam.
Between October 2020 and April 2022, data were collected using a locally-adapted, longitudinal WHO TB Patient Cost Survey in ten districts of HCMC. Ninety-four people with MDR-TB being treated with a nine-month TB regimen were surveyed at three time points: after two weeks of treatment initiation, completion of the intensive phase and the end of the treatment (approximately five and 10 months post-treatment initiation respectively). The catastrophic costs threshold was defined as total TB-related costs exceeding 20% of annual pre-TB household income. Logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with experiencing catastrophic costs. A sensitivity analysis examined the prevalence of catastrophic costs using alternative thresholds and cost estimation approaches.
Most participants (81/93 [87%]) experienced catastrophic costs despite the majority 86/93 (93%) receiving economic support through existing social protection schemes. Among participant households experiencing and not experiencing catastrophic costs, median household income was similar before MDR-TB treatment. However, by the end of MDR-TB treatment, median household income was lower (258 [IQR: 0-516] USD vs. 656 [IQR: 462-989] USD; p = 0.003), and median income loss was higher (2838 [IQR: 1548-5418] USD vs. 301 [IQR: 0-824] USD; p < 0.001) amongst the participant households who experienced catastrophic costs. Being the household\'s primary income earner before MDR-TB treatment (aOR = 11.2 [95% CI: 1.6-80.5]), having a lower educational level (aOR = 22.3 [95% CI: 1.5-344.1]) and becoming unemployed at the beginning of MDR-TB treatment (aOR = 35.6 [95% CI: 2.7-470.3]) were associated with experiencing catastrophic costs.
Despite good social protection coverage, most people with MDR-TB in HCMC experienced catastrophic costs. Incurrence of catastrophic costs was independently associated with being the household\'s primary income earner or being unemployed. Revision and expansion of strategies to mitigate TB-related catastrophic costs, in particular avoiding unemployment and income loss, are urgently required.