暂无摘要。

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus on reporting light characteristics in studies investigating non-visual responses to light. This project aimed to develop a reporting checklist for laboratory-based investigations on the impact of light on non-visual physiology.
METHODS: A four-step modified Delphi process (three questionnaire-based feedback rounds and one face-to-face group discussion) involving international experts was conducted to reach consensus on the items to be included in the checklist. Following the consensus process, the resulting checklist was tested in a pilot phase with independent experts.
RESULTS: An initial list of 61 items related to reporting light-based interventions was condensed to a final checklist containing 25 items, based upon consensus among experts (final n = 60). Nine items were deemed necessary to report regardless of research question or context. A description of each item is provided in the accompanying Explanation and Elaboration (E&E) document. The independent pilot testing phase led to minor textual clarifications in the checklist and E&E document.
CONCLUSIONS: The ENLIGHT Checklist is the first consensus-based checklist for documenting and reporting ocular light-based interventions for human studies. The implementation of the checklist will enhance the impact of light-based research by ensuring comprehensive documentation, enhancing reproducibility, and enabling data aggregation across studies.
BACKGROUND: Network of European Institutes for Advanced Study (NETIAS) Constructive Advanced Thinking (CAT) programme; Sir Henry Wellcome Postdoctoral Fellowship (Wellcome Trust, 204686/Z/16/Z); Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development VENI fellowship (2020-09150161910128); U.S. Department of Defense Grant (W81XWH-16-1-0223); National University of Singapore (NUHSRO/2022/038/Startup/08); and National Research Foundation Singapore (NRF2022-THE004-0002).

A quantitative assessment of the blue light hazard for the human eye related to direct solar irradiation is presented. For six radiation situations, missing eye protection was compared to protection by nine different commercial sunglasses with and without an optimized blue light filter. Measurements of the solar irradiance were performed on Earth\'s surface as well as at an elevation of 12 km in the cockpit of an airliner. An irradiation time limit was calculated from the measurement data, within which the maximum blue light dose of 100 J m -2 , recommended by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection and mandatory for the safe operation of lamps according to the norm ICE 62471, is reached. The results suggest that the blue light dose limit is violated within less than 3 s when looking without eye protection directly into the sun. For Category 3 sunglasses without the optimized blue light filter, time limits of 10 to 25 s on Earth\'s surface and 7 to 8 s at 12 km altitude were observed. The investigated Category 3 sunglasses with optimized blue light protection and suited for traffic use allow a time limit of more than 40 s on Earth\'s surface and 18 to 95 s in the airliner\'s cockpit. The outcome of the study is that the eye protection against blue light hazard related to solar radiation can be quantified using existing limits and that the choice of sunglasses is relevant: Traffic-worthy sunglasses optimized for protection against blue light hazard offer a better protection than non-optimized sunglasses.

The aim of this study was to investigate retinal and peripheral microvascular function in asymptomatic individuals that fall into different BP groups when using either the ESC/ESH or the ACC/AHA guidelines. Retinal and peripheral microvascular function was assessed in 358 participants by means of dynamic retinal vessel analysis and digital thermal monitoring, respectively. Blood pressure and lipid panel were also evaluated. Retinal vascular function measured in all groups belonging to the ACC/ASH classifications were within the normal values for age-matched normal population. Individuals classed as grade 1 hypertension according to the ESC/ESH guidelines, however, exhibited a significantly decreased artery baseline (p = 0.0004) and MC (p = 0.040), higher slopeAD (p = 0.0018) and decreased vein MC (p = 0.0446) compared to age matched normal individuals. In addition, they also had significant lower artery baseline, artery BDF, MD and MC than individuals classed as stage 1 hypertension based on the ACC/ASH guidelines (p = 0.00022, p = 0.0179, p = 0.0409 and p = 0.0329 respectively). Peripheral vascular reactivity (aTR) was lower in ESC /ESH grade I compared to those graded ACC/ASH stage I hypertension (p = 0.0122). The conclusion of this study is that microvascular dysfunctions is present at multiple levels only in individuals with ESC/ESH grade 1 hypertension. This observation could be important when deciding personalised care in individuals with early hypertensive changes.

Time-resolved crystallography with X-ray free-electron lasers enables structural characterization of light-induced reactions on ultrafast timescales. To be biologically and chemically relevant, such studies must be carried out in an appropriate photoexcitation regime to avoid multiphoton artifacts, a common issue in recent studies. We describe numerical and experimental approaches to determine how many photons are needed for single-photon excitation in microcrystals, taking into account losses by scattering.

In the last decade, technological advances in chemistry and photonics have enabled real-time measurement of temperature at the nanoscale. Nanothermometers, probes specifically designed to relay these nanoscale temperature changes, provide a high degree of temperature, temporal, and spatial resolution and precision. Several different approaches have been proposed, including microthermocouples, luminescence and fluorescence polarization anisotropy-based nanothermometers. Anisotropy-based nanothermometers excel in terms of biocompatibility because they can be built from endogenous proteins conjugated to dyes, minimizing any system perturbation. Moreover, the resulting fluorescent proteins can retain their native structure and activity while performing the temperature measurement, allowing precise temperature recordings from the native environment or during an enzymatic reaction in any given experimental system. To facilitate the future use of these nanothermometers in research, here we present a theoretical model that predicts the optimal sensitivity for anisotropy-based thermometers starting with any protein or dye, based on protein size and dye fluorescence lifetime. Using this model, most proteins and dyes can be converted to nanothermometers. The utilization of these nanothermometers by a broad spectrum of disciplines within the scientific community will bring new knowledge and understanding that today remains unavailable with current techniques.

Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) with hexaminolevulinate (HAL) during transurethral resection of bladder cancer improves detection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and reduces recurrence rates. Flexible BLC was approved by the FDA in 2018 for use in the surveillance setting and was demonstrated to improve detection. Results of a phase III prospective multicentre study of blue light flexible cystoscopy (BLFC) in surveillance of intermediate-risk and high-risk NMIBC showed that 20.6% of malignancies were identified only by BLFC. Improved detection rates in the surveillance setting are anticipated to lead to improved clinical outcomes by reducing future recurrences and earlier identification of tumours that are unresponsive to therapy. Thus, BLFC has a role in surveillance cystoscopy, and determining which patients will benefit from BLFC and optimal and cost-effective ways of incorporating this technology into surveillance cystoscopy must be developed.

There is no standard definition of shift work universally, and no validated report of complete biological adjustment to shift work in workers. Similarly, the evidence for shift work tolerance is limited due to a small number of studies and a narrow range of outcome measures. This paper discusses evidence to date regarding individual differences in shift work tolerance and highlights areas for future research and recommendations for workplace practice. The few factors that are consistently associated with perceived or actual shift work tolerance are young age, low scores of morningness or being a late chronotype, low scores of languidity and neuroticism, high scores on extraversion, internal locus of control and flexibility and male sex. An important first step is to differentiate between factors that are potentially modifiable, such as those that are determined by lifestyle choices, and those factors specific to the working time arrangement. Identifying determinants of shift work tolerance and the ability to adjust to shift work, whether they are innate and/or acquired mechanisms, is important so workers who are less likely to tolerate shift work well can be self-identified and supported with appropriate harm/risk minimization strategies. This paper also identifies important areas for future research with the goal of increasing the evidence base on which we can develop evidence-based harm mitigation strategies for shift workers.

Potential effects of shift work on health are probably related to the misalignment between the light-dark cycle and the human activity-rest cycle. Light exposure at night mediates these effects, including social misalignment and leads to an inversion of activity and rest, which, in turn, is linked to changes in behaviours. This article reviews the epidemiological evidence on the association between shift work and health, and possible mechanisms underlying this association. First, evidence from findings of the meta-analyses and systematic reviews published in the last 10 yr is presented. In addition, it reports the larger single-occupation studies and recent large population-based studies of the general workforce. Koch\'s postulates were used to evaluate the evidence related to the development of disease as a result of exposure to shift work. Finally, we discussed limitations of the multiple pathways that link shift work with specific disorders and the methodological challenges facing shift work research. We concluded that the clearest indications of shift work being the cause of a disease are given when there is a substantial body of evidence from high quality field studies showing an association and there is good evidence from laboratory studies supporting a causal explanation of the link.

Traumatic scars not only affect local appearance and function, but also may be accompanied by pain, itching, and even psychological problems, which seriously affect the quality of patients\' life. The prevention and treatment of scars are still quite challengeable for plastic and cosmetic surgery. Recently, photoelectric therapy and radio-frequency technology have brought breakthroughs in the clinical prevention and treatment of traumatic scars due to the developments of theory and practice on selective photothermolysis and fractional photothermolysis. Based on the analysis and summary of experience of treatment of traumatic scars with photoelectric therapy and radiofrequency technology in the past 5 years, the experts in the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery of Shanghai Ninth People\'s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, together with expert consensus on treatment of scar using laser at home and abroad, organize the experts in the field of scar management from different regions in China to discuss and write the consensus on treatment of skin traumatic scars with photoelectric therapy and radio-frequency technology (2018 version). This consensus is suitable for currently medical environment in China and aimed to provide standardized protocols for the treatment of skin traumatic scars in clinic.
创伤性瘢痕不仅影响局部外观和功能，还可伴有疼痛、瘙痒、心理问题，严重影响患者生活质量。瘢痕防治仍然是困扰整形美容外科的难题。近年来，随着选择性光热作用及点阵光热作用理论和实践的发展，光电技术给创伤性瘢痕的临床防治带来了突破性进展。上海交通大学医学院附属第九人民医院整复外科专家对近5年临床瘢痕光电治疗经验进行了分析和总结，结合国内外瘢痕激光治疗专家共识，组织国内部分专家讨论并制订了适合当前我国医疗条件的光电技术治疗皮肤创伤性瘢痕专家共识(2018版)，为临床使用提供参考标准。.