古代人类遗骸有可能解释人类的史前史。由于最近的技术和生物信息学的进步,他们的研究,在古基因组学层面,可以提供有关人口动态的重要信息,文化变迁,以及我们祖先的生活方式.在这项研究中,从人类骨骼遗骸获得的线粒体和核基因组数据与新石器时代的球状两性培养物有关,在Kierzkowo(波兰)的巨石手推车中回收,重新分析,以深入了解考古遗址的社会组织和使用,并提供个人层面的信息。我们能够成功地估计出最小的个体数量,性别,亲属关系,和被埋葬个体的表型特征,尽管骨骼样本的保存水平很低,并且有复杂的解剖学条件。此外,对损害模式的评估使我们能够突出“入侵者”的存在-也就是说,最近的骨骼遗骸不属于原始墓葬。由于其特点,对Kierzkowo手推车的研究对重建利用它的人类社区的生物学特征提出了挑战,也是古代基因组分析可以为考古重建提供贡献的一个很好的例子。
Ancient human remains have the potential to explain a great deal about the prehistory of humankind. Due to recent technological and bioinformatics advances, their study, at the palaeogenomic level, can provide important information about population dynamics, culture changes, and the lifestyles of our ancestors. In this study, mitochondrial and nuclear genome data obtained from human bone remains associated with the Neolithic Globular Amphorae culture, which were recovered in the Megalithic barrow of Kierzkowo (Poland), were reanalysed to gain insight into the social organisation and use of the archaeological site and to provide information at the individual level. We were able to successfully estimate the minimum number of individuals, sex, kin relationships, and phenotypic traits of the buried individuals, despite the low level of preservation of the bone samples and the intricate taphonomic conditions. In addition, the evaluation of damage patterns allowed us to highlight the presence of \"intruders\"-that is, of more recent skeletal remains that did not belong to the original burial. Due to its characteristics, the study of the Kierzkowo barrow represented a challenge for the reconstruction of the biological profile of the human community who exploited it and an excellent example of the contribution that ancient genomic analysis can provide to archaeological reconstruction.