如今,在医学领域进行的调查中有很大一部分属于癌症治疗。一般来说,常规癌症治疗,包括化疗,放射治疗,和手术,已经使用了很长时间,是不够的,尤其是在恶性肿瘤中。因为基因突变会导致癌症,研究人员正在尝试使用基因工程工具来治疗这些疾病。其中之一是成簇的规则间隔的短回文重复(CRISPR),在过去的十年中,基因工程的强大工具。CRISPR,用其核酸内切酶蛋白形成CRISPR-Cas结构,Cas,在细菌和古细菌中被称为免疫系统(适应性免疫)的一部分。在Cas蛋白的类型中,Cas9核酸内切酶由于其高精度和高效率而被用于许多科学研究中。这篇综述回顾了CRISPR系统,专注于历史,分类,交货方式,应用程序,新一代,以及CRISPR-Cas9技术的挑战。
Nowadays, a significant part of the investigations carried out in the medical field belong to cancer treatment. Generally, conventional cancer treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery, which have been used for a long time, are not sufficient, especially in malignant cancers. Because genetic mutations cause cancers, researchers are trying to treat these diseases using genetic engineering tools. One of them is clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), a powerful tool in genetic engineering in the last decade. CRISPR, which forms the CRISPR-Cas structure with its endonuclease protein, Cas, is known as a part of the immune system (adaptive immunity) in bacteria and archaea. Among the types of Cas proteins, Cas9 endonuclease has been used in many scientific studies due to its high accuracy and efficiency. This
review reviews the CRISPR system, focusing on the history, classification, delivery methods, applications, new generations, and challenges of CRISPR-Cas9 technology.