背景:过去几十年来,马胃肠线虫(GINs)一直是澳大利亚间歇性研究的主题。然而,关于马gins流行病学的综合信息,在澳大利亚,现有的驱虫药的疗效和驱虫药耐药性(AR)的患病率缺乏。在这里,我们已经系统地回顾了澳大利亚记录的马gins的现有知识,以及它们的发病机制的主要方面,流行病学,诊断,治疗和控制。
方法:在六个电子数据库中搜索了符合我们系统评价纳入标准的澳大利亚马GIN的出版物。出版物的子集接受流行病学审查,诊断,病因,来自澳大利亚的马匹的治疗和控制。
结果:纳入了1950年至2018年期间发表的51篇文章。在澳大利亚马匹中报告的主要GIN是cyathostomins(至少28种),Draschia大胃癌,HabronemaMuscae,H.马格斯,等氧,Parascarisequorum,在昆士兰州的不同气候区,新南威尔士州,维多利亚,和西澳大利亚。根据传统的麦克马斯特卵子计数技术诊断线虫,尽管表征马常见GIN的分子标记是在1990年代表征的。在澳大利亚,使用驱虫药仍然是控制马GIN寄生虫最广泛使用的策略;然而,应触发马匹治疗的粪便卵数阈值,仍然有争议。此外,在澳大利亚,GIN马群中的驱虫抗性已成为一个普遍的问题。
结论:尽管在过去的几十年中,感染澳大利亚马的GIN一直是偶尔研究的主题,由于普遍缺乏马寄生虫学各个学科的知识,因此阻碍了对GIN感染的有效控制。因此,需要协调和集中的研究来填补我们在这些领域的知识空白,以最大限度地提高马的健康,并最大限度地减少与澳大利亚寄生虫感染相关的经济损失。
BACKGROUND: Equine gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs) have been the subject of intermittent studies in Australia over the past few decades. However, comprehensive information on the epidemiology of equine GINs, the efficacy of available anthelmintic drugs and the prevalence of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in Australasia is lacking. Herein, we have systematically reviewed existing knowledge on the horse GINs recorded in Australia, and main aspects of their pathogeneses, epidemiology, diagnoses, treatment and control.
METHODS: Six electronic databases were searched for publications on GINs of Australian horses that met our inclusion criteria for the systematic
review. Subsets of publications were subjected to
review epidemiology, diagnoses, pathogeneses, treatment and control of GINs of horses from Australia.
RESULTS: A total of 51 articles published between 1950 to 2018 were included. The main GINs reported in Australian horses were cyathostomins (at least 28 species), Draschia megastoma, Habronema muscae, H. majus, Oxyuris equi, Parascaris equorum, Strongyloides westeri and Trichostrongylus axei across different climatic regions of Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, and Western Australia. Nematodes are diagnosed based on the traditional McMaster egg counting technique, though molecular markers to characterise common GINs of equines were characterised in 1990s. The use of anthelmintic drugs remains the most widely-used strategy for controlling equine GIN parasites in Australia; however, the threshold of faecal egg count that should trigger treatment in horses, remains controversial. Furthermore, anthelmintic resistance within GIN population of horses is becoming a common problem in Australia.
CONCLUSIONS: Although GINs infecting Australian horses have been the subject of occasional studies over the past few decades, the effective control of GIN infections is hampered by a generalised lack of knowledge in various disciplines of equine parasitology. Therefore, coordinated and focused research is required to fill our knowledge gaps in these areas to maximise equine health and minimise economic losses associated with the parasitic infections in Australia.