背景:胃肠道(GIT)线虫更喜欢生活在野生动物的肠道中,造成伤害甚至死亡,构成人畜共患病的危险.GIT线虫的多寄生导致在野生动物中自然发生的线虫群落的复杂动态。然而,圈养野生动物中的线虫群落知之甚少。
方法:我们将显微镜检查和扩增子测序相结合,以实现群落多样性。
结果:我们将GIT线虫组合表征为一个顺序,一个家庭,四属,十个物种,在中国南方圈养野生动物121种的512份粪便样本中。GIT线虫阳性率为20.7%(106/512),包括42.3%(11/26)的爬行动物,食草动物占26.5%(39/147),非人类灵长类动物中的25.0%(25/100),20.0%(5/25)杂食动物,12.2%(9/74)的食肉动物,和12.1%(17/140)在禽类中。占优势的线虫是食草动物中的hemonchuscontortus和灵长类动物中的Trichuris。树栖灵长类动物的线虫群落与陆地上的线虫群落不同,既反映寄主系统发育和生态限制。土壤传播的类圆线虫物种广泛分布在整个草食动物中,灵长类动物,禽类,和食肉动物群落,并倾向于感染杂食性灵长类动物和陆生食草动物。此外,在圈养豪猪和孔雀的线虫群落中发现了新的Trichuris和Heterapakis物种。
结论:这项研究强调了GIT线虫群落组成的变化,并加强了对物种丰富度低的人畜共患线虫和共感染线虫引起的危害的关注。
BACKGROUND: Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) nematodes prefer to live in the intestines of wild animals, causing damage and even death, and posing a zoonotic risk. The polyparasitism of GIT nematodes results in the complex dynamics of the nematode communities that occur naturally in wild animals. However, the nematode community in captive wild animals is poorly understood.
METHODS: We combined microscopic examination and amplicon sequencing for community diversity.
RESULTS: We characterized GIT nematode assemblages to one order, one family, four genera, and ten species, in 512 fecal samples of 121 species from captive wild animals in southern
China. The positive rate of GIT nematodes was 20.7% (106/512), including 42.3% (11/26) in reptiles, 26.5% (39/147) in herbivores, 25.0% (25/100) in non-human primates, 20.0% (5/25) in omnivores, 12.2% (9/74) in carnivores, and 12.1% (17/140) in avians. The dominant nematodes were Haemonchus contortus in herbivores and Trichuris species in primates. The nematode communities of arboreal primates differed from their terrestrial counterparts, reflecting both host phylogeny and ecological constraints. Soil-transmitted Strongyloides species were widespread throughout the herbivore, primate, avian, and carnivore communities, and tended to infect omnivorous primates and terrestrial herbivores. In addition, new Trichuris and Heterakis species were found in the nematode communities of captive porcupines and peafowls.
CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the variation in the composition of the GIT nematode community and strengthens the attention to the harms induced by zoonotic nematodes and co-infective nematodes with low species richness.