最近出现了关于废旧锂离子电池(LIB)处理不当的担忧,这引起了社会的广泛关注。石墨材料占LIB质量的12-21重量%,通常含有重金属,活页夹,和残余电解质。再生废石墨不仅缓解了铅的短缺,而且也有助于支持环境保护以及国家碳峰值和中性(“双碳”目标)。尽管在回收用过的LIB方面取得了重大进展,预处理过程的全面概述,再生,以及退役LIB中废石墨的功能化,以及相关的技术标准和行业法规,使其得以顺利实施,仍然需要提及。因此,我们进行了以下研究工作。首先,废石墨的预处理过程,包括放电,压碎,并总结了筛查。接下来,.随后,石墨回收方法,如酸浸,火法冶金,并对组合方法进行了总结。此外,采用改性和掺杂的方法来提高石墨的电化学性能。之后,我们从经济和环保的角度回顾了阳极石墨的功能化。同时,描述了国内外行业中使用的LIB的技术标准和行业法规。最后,我们概述了石墨回收的技术挑战和发展瓶颈,随着未来的前景,总体而言,这项研究概述了通过有效和可持续的过程来恢复和功能化阳极材料的机遇和挑战。
Recent concerns have emerged regarding the improper disposal of spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), which has garnered widespread societal attention. Graphite materials accounted for 12-21 wt % of LIBs\' mass, typically contain heavy metals, binders, and residual electrolytes. Regenerating spent graphite not only alleviated the shortage of plumbago, but also contributed to the supports environmental protection as well as national carbon peak and neutrality (\"dual carbon\" goals). Despite significant advancements in recycling spent LIBs had been made, a comprehensive overview of the processes for pretreatment, regeneration, and
functionalization of spent graphite from retired LIBs, along with the associated technical standards and industry regulations enabling their smooth implementation still needed to be mentioned. Hence, we conducted the following research work. Firstly, the pre-treatment process of spent graphite, including discharging, crushing, and screening was summed up. Next,. Subsequently, graphite recovery methods, such as acid leaching, pyrometallurgy, and combined methods were summarized. Moreover, the modification and doping approach was used to enhance the electrochemical properties of graphite. Afterwards, we reviewed the
functionalization of anode graphite from an economically and environmentally friendly view. Meanwhile, the technical standards and industry regulations of spent LIBs in domestic and oversea industries were described. Finally, we provided an overview of the technical challenges and development bottlenecks in graphite recycling, along with future prospects Overall, this study outlined the opportunities and challenges in recovering and functionalizing of anode materials via a efficient and sustainable processes.