开发了一种用于生态毒性评估(ITS-ECO)的综合测试策略,以帮助使用双壳类Mytilusspp在海洋环境中沉积的工程纳米材料(ENM)的危害和命运评估。作为测试物种。ENMs氧化铜(II)(CuO)和二氧化钛(TiO2),原始形式(核心)或带有官能化涂层(聚乙二醇[PEG],羧基[COOH],和氨[NH3])根据其生产水平和用途选择作为案例研究材料。ITS-ECO第1层的高通量体外测试显示,CuOENM对贻贝血细胞的溶酶体产生细胞毒性作用,具有潜在危险的CuOPEG>CuOCOOH>CuONH3>CuO核心,而TiO2ENM没有细胞毒性。体内暴露于CuOENM(48小时)后,贻贝的血细胞和g细胞也具有遗传毒性。在第2层(48h-21天)中,较长的体内暴露显示了CuO和TiO2ENM的亚急性和慢性氧化作用,在一些情况下导致脂质过氧化(核心TiO2ENM)。在三级生物累积研究中,发现了Cu(主要在g中)和Ti(主要在消化腺中)以及不同核心和包覆ENM之间的不同吸收模式。观察到明显的NM特异性和涂层依赖性对危险和命运的影响。总的来说,使用分层测试方法,ITS-ECO能够区分危险(急性,亚急性,andchroniceffects)posedbyENMsofdifferentcompositionsandcoatingsandtoprovideinformationondateforenvironmentalriskassessmentoftheseENMs.EnvironToxicolChem2022;41:1390-1406.©2022作者WileyPeriodicalsLLC代表SETAC出版的环境毒理学和化学。
An integrated testing strategy for ecotoxicity assessment (ITS-ECO) was developed to aid in the hazard and fate assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) deposited in marine environments using the bivalve Mytilus spp. as a test species. The ENMs copper(II) oxide (CuO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2 ), either in pristine form (core) or with functionalized coatings (polyethylene glycol [PEG], carboxyl [COOH], and ammonia [NH3 ]) were selected as
case study materials based on their production levels and use. High-throughput in vitro testing in Tier 1 of the ITS-ECO revealed CuO ENMs to elicit cytotoxic effects on lysosomes of hemocytes of mussels, with the hazard potential CuO PEG > CuO COOH > CuO NH3 > CuO core, whereas TiO2 ENMs were not cytotoxic. Genotoxicity in hemocytes as well as gill cells of mussels following in vivo exposure (48 h) to CuO ENMs was also seen. Longer in vivo exposures in Tier 2 (48 h-21 days) revealed subacute and chronic oxidative effects for both CuO and TiO2 ENMs, in some cases leading to lipid peroxidation (core TiO2 ENMs). In Tier 3 bioaccumulation studies, distinct patterns of uptake for Cu (predominantly in gills) and Ti (predominantly in digestive glands) and between the different core and coated ENMs were found. Clear NM-specific and coating-dependent effects on hazard and fate were seen. Overall, using a tiered testing approach, the ITS-ECO was able to differentiate the hazard (acute, subacute, and chronic effects) posed by ENMs of different compositions and coatings and to provide information on fate for environmental risk assessment of these ENMs. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1390-1406. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.