This review examines the utilization of nanotechnology-based chemosensors for identifying environmental toxic ions. Over recent decades, the creation of nanoscale materials for applications in chemical sensing, biomedical, and biological analyses has emerged as a promising avenue. Nanomaterials play a vital role in improving the sensitivity and selectivity of chemosensors, thereby making them effective tools for monitoring and evaluating environmental contamination. This is due to their highly adjustable size- and shape-dependent chemical and physical properties. Nanomaterials possess distinct surface chemistry, thermal stability, high surface area, and large pore volume per unit mass, which can be harnessed for sensor development. The discussion encompasses different types of nanomaterials utilized in chemosensor design, LOD, their sensing mechanisms, and their efficacy in detecting specific toxic ions. Furthermore, the review explores the progress made, obstacles faced, and future prospects in this rapidly evolving field, highlighting the potential contributions of nanotechnology to the creation of robust sensing platforms for environmental monitoring.

Final del formulario Anastomotic dehiscence, a feared complication in colorectal surgery, motivates the search for effective strategies to mitigate its risk. This meta-analysis encompasses all published randomized trials investigating and comparing the impact of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography on this complication. With four studies and 1,109 patients, the intraoperative ICG angiography group demonstrated a significant reduction in the overall rate of anastomotic dehiscence compared to the non-angiography group (7.3% vs. 11.5%; OR: 0.6; 95% CI: 0.4-0.9; p = 0.03). These differences were maintained in rectal surgery subgroup, with no prolongation of surgical time or increase in morbidity and mortality. There were no differences in the left colon surgery group. The evidence provided by this meta-analysis would support the effectiveness of ICG angiography in reducing the incidence of anastomotic leakage in colorectal surgery, advocating for its integration into routine surgical practice.

BACKGROUND: Fluorescence-guided precision cancer surgery may improve survival and minimize patient morbidity. Efficient development of promising interventions is however hindered by a lack of common methodology. This methodology review aimed to synthesize descriptions of technique, governance processes, surgical learning and outcome reporting in studies of fluorescence-guided cancer surgery to provide guidance for the harmonized design of future studies.
METHODS: A systematic search of MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL databases from 2016-2020 identified studies of all designs describing the use of fluorescence in cancer surgery. Dual screening and data extraction was conducted by two independent teams.
RESULTS: Of 13,108 screened articles, 426 full text articles were included. The number of publications per year increased from 66 in 2016 to 115 in 2020. Indocyanine green was the most commonly used fluorescence agent (391, 91.8%). The most common reported purpose of fluorescence guided surgery was for lymph node mapping (195, 5%) and non-specific tumour visualization (94, 2%). Reporting about surgical learning and governance processes incomplete. A total of 2,577 verbatim outcomes were identified, with the commonly reported outcome lymph node detection (796, 30%). Measures of recurrence (32, 1.2%), change in operative plan (23, 0.9%), health economics (2, 0.1%), learning curve (2, 0.1%) and quality of life (2, 0.1%) were rarely reported.
CONCLUSIONS: There was evidence of methodological heterogeneity that may hinder efficient evaluation of fluorescence surgery. Harmonization of the design of future studies may streamline innovation.

A comprehensive review presents an illuminating exploration of the vast potential of isatin, an easily accessible organic compound. This review is a valuable resource, offering a concise yet comprehensive account of the recent breakthroughs in isatin applications in medicinal chemistry, fluorescence sensing, and organic synthesis. Moreover, it dives into the exciting advancements in isatin-based chemosensors, demonstrating their remarkable ability to detect and recognize diverse cations and anions with exceptional precision. Researchers and scientists in the fields of sensing and organic chemistry will find this review indispensable for sparking innovation and developing cutting-edge technologies with significant real-world impact.

Surgical methods for oral squamous cell carcinoma have the potential to improve patient outcomes with the integration of modern imaging tools for deep margin evaluation. This articlesummarises the potential benefits of MRI, FMI, and ultrasound modalities for improving surgical accuracy, based on a wide range of research. Theuses of intraoperative imaging in oral pathology are also covered, along with difficulties including ethical and technological constraints. Important insights to direct future research and implementation efforts in the field of oral cancer surgery are provided, which also examines implications for clinical education and innovation.

The utilization of fluorescent quantum dots (FL QDs) has gained significant traction in the realm of antibiotic detection, owing to their exceptional FL properties and versatility. Various types of QDs have been tailored to exhibit superior FL characteristics, employing diverse capping agents such as metals, surfactants, polymers, and biomass to protect and stabilize their surfaces. In their evolution, FL QDs have demonstrated both \"turn-off\" and \"turn-on\" mechanisms in response to the presence of analytes, offering promising avenues for biosensing applications. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements in antibiotic detection utilizing FL QDs as biosensors. It encompasses an extensive examination of different types of FL QDs, including carbon, metal, and core-shell QDs, deployed for the detection of antibiotics. Furthermore, the synthesis methods employed for the fabrication of various FL QDs are elucidated, shedding light on the diverse approaches adopted in their preparation. Moreover, this review delves into the intricate sensing mechanisms underlying FL QDs-based antibiotic detection. Various mechanisms, such as photoinduced electron transfer, electron transfer, charge transfer, Forster resonance energy transfer, static quenching, dynamic quenching, inner filter effect, hydrogen bonding, and aggregation-induced emission, are discussed in detail. These mechanisms provide a robust scientific rationale for the detection of antibiotics using FL QDs, showcasing their potential for sensitive and selective sensing applications. Finally, the review addresses current challenges and offers perspectives on the future improvement of FL QDs in sensing applications. Insights into overcoming existing limitations and harnessing emerging technologies are provided, charting a course for the continued advancement of FL QDs-based biosensing platforms in the field of antibiotic detection.

BACKGROUND: Lateral lymph node dissection (LLND) for rectal cancer is still not a widely established technique owing to the existing controversy between Eastern and Western countries and the lack of well-designed studies. The risk of complications and the paucity of long-term oncological results are significant drawbacks for further applying this technique. The use of indocyanine green (ICG) near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence for LLND appears as a promising technique for enhancing postoperative and oncological outcomes. This review aims to evaluate the emerging role of ICG during LLND and present the benefits of its application.
METHODS: Systematic electronic research was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar using a combination of medical subject headings (MeSH). Studies presenting the use of ICG during LLND, especially in terms of harvested lymph nodes, were included and reviewed. Studies comparing LLND with ICG (LLND + ICG) or without ICG (LLND-alone) were further analyzed for the number of lymph nodes and postoperative outcomes.
RESULTS: In total, 13 studies were found eligible and analyzed for different parameters. LLND + ICG is associated with significantly increased number of harvested lateral lymph nodes (p < 0.05), minor blood loss, decreased operative time, and probably decreased urinary retention postoperatively compared with LLND-alone.
CONCLUSIONS: The use of ICG fluorescence during LLND is a safe and feasible technique for balancing postoperative outcomes and the number of harvested lymph nodes. Well-designed studies with long-term results are required to elucidate the oncological benefits and establish this promising technique.

Resection margins of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are often inadequate. A systematic review on clinical intraoperative whole-specimen imaging techniques to obtain adequate deep resection margins in oral SCC is lacking. Such a review may render better alternatives for the current insufficient intraoperative techniques: palpation and frozen section analyses (FSA). This review resulted in ten publications investigating ultrasound (US), four investigating fluorescence, and three investigating MRI. Both US and fluorescence were able to image the tumor intraorally and perform ex-vivo imaging of the resection specimen. Fluorescence was also able to image residual tumor tissue in the wound bed. MRI could only be used on the ex-vivo specimen. The 95 % confidence intervals for sensitivity and specificity were large, due to the small sample sizes for all three techniques. The sensitivity and specificity of US for identifying < 5 mm margins ranged from 0 % to 100 % and 60 % to 100 %, respectively. For fluorescence, this ranged from 0 % to 100 % and 76 % to 100 %, respectively. For MRI, this ranged from 7 % to 100 % and 81 % to 100 %, respectively. US, MRI and fluorescence are the currently available imaging techniques that can potentially be used intraoperatively and which can image the entire tumor-free margin, although they have insufficient sensitivity for identifying < 5 mm margins. Further research on larger cohorts is needed to improve the sensitivity by determining cut-off points on imaging for inadequate margins. This improves the number of adequate resections of oral SCC\'s and pave the way for routine clinical implementation of these techniques.

Due to changes in our climate and constant loss of habitat for animals, new pathogens for humans are constantly erupting. SARS-CoV-2 virus, become so infectious and deadly that they put new challenge to the whole technological advancement of healthcare. Within this very decade, several other deadly virus outbreaks were witnessed by humans such as Zika virus, Ebola virus, MERS-coronavirus etc. and there might be even more infectious and deadlier diseases in the horizon. Though conventional techniques have succeeded in detecting these viruses to some extent, these techniques are time-consuming, costly, and require trained human-resources. Plasmonic metamaterial based biosensors might pave the way to low-cost rapid virus detection. So this review discusses in details, the latest development in plasmonics and metamaterial based biosensors for virus, viral particles and antigen detection and the future direction of research in this field.

Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) with bright emission and unique chemical reactivity characters have been widely applied for optical sensing and imaging. With a combination of surface modifications, effective therapeutic treatments of tumors are realized. In this review, we summarize the recently adopted biosensing and therapy events based on Au NCs. Homogeneous and fluorometric biosensing systems toward various targets, including ions, small molecules, reactive oxygen species, biomacromolecules, cancer cells, and bacteria, in vitro and in vivo, are presented by turn-off, turn-on, and ratiometric tactics. The therapy applications are concluded in three aspects: photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and as a drug carrier. The basic mechanisms and performances of these systems are introduced. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and future trend of Au NC-based biosensing and therapy systems.