Transdermal drug delivery is an attractive and patient-friendly route for administering therapeutic agents. However, the skin\'s natural barrier, the stratum corneum, restricts the passage of many drugs, limiting their effectiveness. To overcome this challenge, researchers have developed various nanocarriers to enhance drug penetration through the skin. Transethosomes, a novel and promising drug delivery system, have emerged as an innovative solution for improving transdermal drug delivery. Transethosomes are a hybrid of two established nanocarriers: ethosomes and transfersomes. Ethosomes are lipid-based vesicles that can accommodate lipophilic and hydrophilic drugs, while transfersomes are deformable lipid vesicles designed to enhance skin penetration. Transethosomes combine the advantages of both systems, making them ideal candidates for efficient transdermal drug delivery. They are composed of phospholipids, ethanol, and water and exhibit high flexibility, enabling them to squeeze through the tight junctions of the stratum corneum. This abstract reviews the key characteristics of transethosomes, including their composition, preparation methods, mechanisms of action, characterization parameters, and prospects. Moreover, the recent advancements and applications of transethosomes in delivering various therapeutic agents, such as analgesics, anti-inflammatories, hormones, and skincare products, are explored. The enhanced skin penetration capabilities of transethosomes can potentially reduce systemic side effects and improve patient compliance, making them a valuable tool in the field of transdermal drug delivery. In conclusion, transethosomes represent a promising platform for overcoming the challenges of transdermal drug delivery. Their unique properties enable efficient drug permeation through the skin, offering a more controlled and effective means of administering a wide range of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. This abstract highlights the potential of transethosomes as a valuable addition to the field of transdermal drug delivery and paves the way for further research and development in this area.

Phytoconstituents have been widely used since ancient times to form a complex with phospholipids due to their various therapeutic actions. Despite having strong pharmacodynamic efficiency, numerous phytoconstituents have shown lower in vivo bioavailability and few adverse effects. Phytochemicals soluble in water exhibit poor absorption, leading to a limited therapeutic impact. Phytosome nanotechnology overcomes this limitation by creating a bound of phytochemicals with phospholipids. This method exhibits improved absorption because phytosomes inhibit significant herbal extract components from being degraded by gastric juices and gut flora. This improves bioavailability, increases clinical benefit, and ensures delivery to tissues without compromising nutritional stability. This review also aims to highlight those vesicular systems that could be used in phytosome technology. Additionally, this review highlights the preparation, advantage, characterization, applications, and recent development of phytosome and ethosome with a list of recent patents and marketed formulations and their uses.

BACKGROUND: Polyphenols are naturally occurring compounds having more than one hydroxy functional group. They are ubiquitous secondary plant metabolites possessing a wide range of pharmacological activity. Brightly colored fruits and vegetables are the natural source of polyphenols. Majorly, they possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties which make them suitable candidates to target skin related disorders.
OBJECTIVE: This study is focused to explore the potential of polyphenols loaded nanovesicles for skin related disorders. The aim of the study is to review the applicability and efficacy of different vesicular systems encapsulated with various classes of polyphenols for skin related disorders, thus opening the opportunity for future studies based on these drug delivery systems.
METHODS: Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus database, and the search engine Google Scholar were accessed for the literature search. The results were then filtered based on the titles, abstracts, and accessibility of the complete texts.
RESULTS: The expository evaluation of the literature revealed that various nanovesicles like liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes and transferosomes incorporating polyphenol have been formulated to address issues pertaining to delivery across the skin. These developed nano vesicular systems have shown improvement in the physicochemical properties and pharmacological action.
CONCLUSIONS: Polyphenol based nano-vesicular formulations have proved to be an effective system for topical delivery and henceforth, they might curtail the use of other skin therapies having limited applicability.

BACKGROUND: In a world where hair loss, acne, and skin whitening are common concerns, ethosomes emerge as a captivating breakthrough in cosmetic drug delivery.
METHODS: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the ethosomal system and assesses its potential as an effective nanocarrier for delivering active ingredients to the skin. The focus is on exploring their applications in various pathologies, particularly skin disorders such as acne, hair loss, and skin pigmentation.
RESULTS: Ethosomes are a novel type of vesicular nanocarrier composed of high concentrations of ethanol (20-45%) and phospholipids. Their unique structure and composition make them an ideal choice for transporting active ingredients through the skin, offering targeted and effective treatment. The inclusion of ethanol in ethosomes\' composition gives them distinctive properties, including flexibility, deformability, and stability, facilitating deep penetration into the skin and enhancing medication deposition. Moreover, ethosomes improved theoverall drug-loading capacity, and specificity of target treatment CONCLUSION: Ethosomes represent a unique and suitable approach for delivering active cosmetic ingredients in the treatment of hair loss, acne, and skin whitening, presenting a versatile alternative to traditional dermal delivery systems. Despite the challenges associated with their complex preparation and sensitivity to temperature and humidity, the remarkable potential benefits of ethosomes cannot be ignored. Further research is crucial to unlock their full potential, understand their limitations, and refine their formulations and administration methods. Ethosomes hold the promise of transforming the way we address these cosmetic concerns, offering an exciting glimpse into the future of advanced skincare solutions.

Skin is the largest organ of the body and helps to regulate several physiological functions. It acts as a barrier that protects the body against UV-radiation, toxic substances, infections, etc. The abnormal growth of the skin cells is called skin cancer. Different types of skin cancer can be classified as Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC); which mainly occur due to chronic exposure to UV- sunlight and pollution.
The conventional topical treatments of skin cancer such as cream, gel, ointment, etc., are more occlusive and thus they do not penetrate deep into the skin (dermal layer) and remain at the upper part of the skin (epidermal layer). The stratum corneum acts as a physiological barrier for the drug-loaded in the conventional formulation. The novel carrier systems have the potential to facilitate the penetration of the drug deep into the skin (dermal layer) because these have less size and higher flexibility than conventional treatment.
In the present review, we have discussed various novel carrier systems being investigated for the topical application of chemotherapeutic agents for efficient skin targeting and better dermatological as well as therapeutic benefits with minimal systemic exposure and toxicity.

Skin, the largest organ of the body serves as a potential route of drug delivery for local and systemic effects. However, the outermost layer of skin, the stratum corneum (SC) acts as a tough barrier that prevents penetration of hydrophilic and high molecular weight drugs. Ethosomes are a novel phospholipid vesicular carrier containing high ethanol concentrations and offer improved skin permeability and efficient bioavailability due to their structure and composition. This article gives a review of ethosomes including their compositions, types, mechanism of drug delivery, stability, and safety behaviour. This article also provides a detailed overview of drug delivery applications of ethosomes in various diseases.

BACKGROUND: Transdermal route of delivery of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) has several advantages over other routes like reduced adverse effects, less systemic absorption, and avoidance of first-pass effect and degradation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). Transdermal route is also beneficial for drugs having a narrow therapeutic index. The skin acts as the primary barrier for transdermal delivery of various therapeutic molecules. Various advanced nanocarrier systems offer several advantages like improved dermal penetration along with an extended drug release profile due to their smaller size and high surface area. Various nanocarriers explored for transdermal delivery of NSAIDs are liposomes, niosomes, ethosomes, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), dendrimers, nanosuspensions/nanoemulsion, and nanofibers.
OBJECTIVE: In the present review, our major aim was to explore the therapeutic potential of advanced nanocarrier systems enlisted above for transdermal delivery of NSAIDs. All literature search regarding advanced nanocarrier systems for transdermal delivery of NSAIDs was done using Google Scholar and Pubmed.
CONCLUSIONS: Advanced nanocarriers have shown various advantages like reduced side effect, low dosing frequency, high skin permeation, and ease of application over conventional transdermal delivery systems of NSAIDs in various preclinical studies. However, clinical exploration of advanced nanocarrier systems for transdermal delivery of NSAIDs is still a challenge.