UNASSIGNED: Research on food addiction has increased significantly in recent years. It has been demonstrated that food addiction can lead to impairments in physiological, psychological, and social functioning in individuals. However, there is a lack of studies investigating the influence of how individuals handle social situations on food addiction and the specific mechanisms involved.
UNASSIGNED: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1,151 university students, with a mean age of 21.44 (SD = 4.77) years. The sample comprised 74.46% female and 25.54% male students. Participants completed the Chinese version of the modified Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale, the Expressive Suppression Scale, and the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 26.0 and the Process (Version 3.4) plug-in.
UNASSIGNED: The results of the study supported our hypothesis that the association between social physique anxiety and food addiction symptoms could be partially explained by expressive suppression and social avoidance and distress. This association remained significant even after adjusting for covariates such as gender, number of cigarettes smoked per day, bedtime, education, and BMI. Specifically, more severe social physique anxiety was found to be associated with frequent use of expressive suppression and social avoidance and distress, which in turn was associated with more severe food addiction symptoms.
UNASSIGNED: This study explored the role of expression suppression and social avoidance and distress in the relationship between social physique anxiety and food addiction symptoms. The findings provide a theoretical basis for developing interventions for food addiction in college students. These interventions could include helping students develop a healthy perception of body image, encouraging emotional expression, and promoting active social participation to reduce food addiction symptoms.

BACKGROUND: Family and professional caregivers of individuals with dementia often witness care-receiver\'s lucidity events.
OBJECTIVE: A qualitative data analysis was performed of documented family and professional caregivers\' experiences and their respective appraisals of lucidity events.
METHODS: Using a reduction method of selection, data from 10 in-home family caregivers and 20 professional caregivers to long-term care residents was content-coded and analysed. Framed by a priori research questions, a summative approach to qualitative content analysis guided the interpretation of findings.
RESULTS: Eight of 10 family- and 15 of 20 staff caregivers gave an example of what they believed was a witnessed lucid event; 88% of family- and 40% of staff caregivers\' provided examples that appeared to fit the conceptual definition of lucidity. The emotional impact that the events had on both sets of caregivers was reported. Family caregivers\' characterization of lucidity events reflected appraisals of a puzzling occurrence while staff caregivers depicted elements associated with dementia, and lucidity descriptors. The enhanced verbal communication followed by the brief, unexpected quality of lucidity, were the main elements highlighted by both sets of caregivers in their description of lucidity to others. The variability and complexity of the lucidity phenomenon and the potential challenges it poses for both sets of caregivers were characterized. Commonalities and divergences across responses were highlighted.
CONCLUSIONS: Findings validated previous studies\' results. The notions introduced by both types of caregivers were thought-provoking and borne practical, clinical, ethical, and assessment (measurement) applicability.

OBJECTIVE: Limited knowledge exists regarding the psychosocial characteristics of young Asian children affected by food allergies (FAs) and their caregivers. This study aims to assess the usefulness of the Food Allergy Severity Score (FASS) system in evaluating the risk of emotional impacts on young children and caregivers who are dealing with severe FA.
METHODS: Children between 2 and 10 years of age who were diagnosed with FA and following an elimination diet were enrolled in the study. The FASS, Korean Parenting Stress Index, and Korean Behavior Assessment System for Children-2 were used for evaluating the above mentioned risk.
RESULTS: Among the 75 participants, 64.0% had a history of anaphylaxis, and 56.0% reported multiple FAs. A total of 160 cases of FASS was documented across 21 types of food and classified as mild (n = 5, 1.07), moderate (n = 100, 2.01-4.01), or severe (n = 55, 4.24-6.84). The concordance of calculated- and stakeholder interpreted-FASS was moderate (kappa 0.587). Children with severe FASS (sFASS) showed increased risk for functional communication (relative risk [RR], 1.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.99-2.48) and increased parental reinforcement (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.91-2.14). Their caregivers exhibited reduced levels of demandingness (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.37-0.94) and role restriction (RR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.39-0.98). Receiver operating characteristic curves suggested that functional communication (numeric FASS cutoff, 3.47; area under the curve [AUC], 0.695), withdrawal (cutoff, 3.40; AUC, 0.657), developmental social disorders (cutoff, 3.96; AUC, 0.648), and reinforces parent (cutoff, 3.15; AUC, 0.646) were possibly be affected.
CONCLUSIONS: The FASS provides an objective tool to assess pediatric FA severity. Early psychosocial intervention for young children with severe FASS and their caregivers may improve prognosis by identifying possible adaptive skill deficiencies and excessive parenting stresses.

If architecture is an expression of human creativity through multi-sensory embodiment, then learning, creating and experiencing architecture should also be multi-sensory and embodied. In this article, we challenge the separation of mind and body through Sheets-Johnstone\'s mindful bodies concept. We define a mindful body in architecture as one that documents, analyses and memory maps the moving body in different qualities of movement to create diverse spatial experiences. A mindful body approach to creating architecture involves: (i) engaging in meaningful movement and documenting the body, (ii) documenting embodied interactions with dynamic, animate elements in the built environment, (iii) connecting our body\'s movements with emotions and memories, (iv) designing spaces that produce diverse movements and atmospheres, and (v) designing architecture based on these spaces. We hypothesize that if designers engage in a mindful body approach to design, they can create spatial experiences that help us make sense of ourselves, others and the world. A mindful body approach to design can result in architectural spaces that activate our attentional switches, connect haptic experiences and memories and reveal wonders. This article is part of the theme issue \'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence\'.

Collective rituals involve the coordination of intentions and actions and have been shown to promote the alignment of emotional states and social identities. However, the mechanics of achieving group-level synchrony is yet unclear. We report the results of a naturalistic study in the context of an Islamic congregational prayer that involves synchronous movement. We used wearable devices to capture data on body posture, autonomic responses and spatial proximity to investigate how postural alignment and shared arousal intertwine during this ritual. The findings reveal a dual process at play: postural alignment appears to be more localized, with worshippers synchronizing their movements with their nearest neighbours, while physiological alignment operates on a broader scale, primarily driven by the central role of the religious leader. Our findings underscore the importance of interpersonal dynamics in collective gatherings and the role of physical co-presence in fostering connections among participants, with implications extending to our understanding of group dynamics across various social settings.This article is part of the theme issue \'Minds in movement: embodied cognition in the age of artificial intelligence\'.

Young adults with ASD experience shame in social interactions, and if poorly mishandled, it may interfere with their attempts to participate in their social environment. One strategy to reduce shame is cognitive reappraisal, yet the efficacy of this strategy was not examined in ASD. Here, we investigated the effect of reappraisal in reducing feelings of shame in ASD and the thematic contents used. Young adults with high-functioning ASD and typical participants were shown shame-arousing pictures. They imagined themselves as the primary character in each scenario and rated their feelings of shame. Then, they were trained to reappraise shame-arousing pictures less negatively. Finally, they viewed other shame-arousing photos, reappraised them, stated aloud their new interpretations, and rated their feelings. We found lower shame ratings in participants with ASD than in typical participants. In addition, we found a similar reduction in shame ratings after reappraising these pictures in both groups. Qualitative analysis revealed that participants with ASD used fewer positive narratives and more neutral and unrealistic descriptions than their typical peers. These findings highlight shame-regulation abilities in individuals with ASD while pointing to their unique narratives. We recommend that clinical interventions in ASD emphasize generating positive reappraisals of social situations.

PCOS is characterized by ovarian hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance (IR), which give rise to symptoms of hyperandrogenism and central obesity, which in turn may cause depression, lower self-esteem, and deteriorate coping strategies in stressful situations.
OBJECTIVE: to examine the mental condition, self-esteem, and ways of coping with stress in women with PCOS compared to age and BMI-matched healthy controls and to correlate them with clinical and laboratory hyperandrogenism, central obesity, and IR.
METHODS: 42 women with PCOS and 39 controls were assessed for the above-mentioned psychological measures and correlated with serum hormonal and metabolic parameters.
RESULTS: Compared to controls, women with PCOS had more symptoms of depression (p = 0.026), a higher level of tension induction (p = 0.032), were more prone to alcohol consumption (p = 0.015), and were less likely to use the strategy of active coping in stressful situations (p = 0.014) and to seek instrumental (p = 0.048) and emotional support (p = 0.043). The presence of hirsutism correlated negatively with the level of emotional induction (R = -0.32, p < 0.05), and androgenic alopecia positively with the hedonistic tone (R = 0.36, p < 0.05). Serum testosterone (TST) correlated positively with the likelihood of seeking instrumental support in stressful situations (R = 0.31, p < 0.05) and with emotional focus (R = 0.34, p < 0.05). Serum androstenedione (A4-dione) correlated negatively with the escape behavior (R = -0.32, p < 0.05). No correlations were found between waist circumference and IR with the studied psychological measures.
CONCLUSIONS: Women with PCOS are characterized by depression, higher levels of tension induction, and impaired coping strategies in stressful situations, which correlate with clinical and laboratory indices of hyperandrogenism and not with central obesity and IR.

To determine if the Central Sensitization Inventory questionnaire (CSI) functions as a mental health measure among a cross-section of people seeking musculoskeletal specialty care, we asked: (1) What is the association of CSI total score and item groupings identified in factor analysis with mental health measures? and (2) What is the association between specific CSI items that represent each factor well and specific mental health measures? One hundred and fifty-seven adults seeking specialty care for musculoskeletal symptoms completed the CSI, a measure of catastrophic thinking, and 3 measures of distress (symptoms of health anxiety, general anxiety, and depression). Exploratory factor analysis was used to identify item groupings. Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 item groupings (factors): (1) thoughts and feelings (mental health), accounting for 52% of the variation in the CSI, (2) urinary and visual symptoms (15%) (3) body aches (10%), and (4) jaw pain (8.1%). More than half the variation in both the CSI total score (51%) and the thoughts and feelings factor (57%) were accounted for by variation in measures of catastrophic thinking and distress. Specific items that account for large amounts of the variation in the CSI also had notable correlations with mental health measures. The strong relationship between the CSI and thoughts and emotions suggests that the CSI functions largely as a mental health measure. If the concept of central sensitization is to help people get and stay healthy, it will depend on evidence that central sensitization can be measured and quantified distinct from mental health.

BACKGROUND: Valid and reliable instruments for measuring emotional development are critical for a proper diagnostic assignment in individuals with intellectual disabilities. This exploratory study examined the psychometric properties of the items on the Scale of Emotional Development-Short (SED-S).
METHODS: The sample included 612 adults with intellectual disabilities (Mage = 37.35, SDage = 13.27; 59.8% males). Item validity analysis comprising sensitivity and specificity rates and discriminatory power were determined.
RESULTS: The relative mean frequency of \'yes\' answers to all 200 items was 29.5%. The mean sensitivity rate was 67.5% and the mean specificity rate was 79.3%. Most items (85.0%) showed good discriminatory power with the adjacent stage(s), especially between SED-1, SED-2, SED-3 and SED-4. Particularly in SED-4 some items showed weaknesses in the differentiation between these stages.
CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to previous validation studies by showing that most SED-S items have psychometrically sound properties.

Emotional elicitation during wine consumption is a complex fenomena based on subjective experience and influence by physiological, cognitive and behavioural changes. The present study used a quasi-experimental design to examine consumers\' emotional responses during blind tastings of sherry wines, considering variables such as consumer experience, gender and Emotional Intelligence (EI). 66 participants were classified as non-expert (34) and expert (32) consumers to participate in blind tastings. Their emotional responses were measured using the EsSense25 Scale and the Perceived Emotional Intelligence was assessed through the Trait Meta-Mood Scale. Few differences were observed on emotional elicitation based on gender or consumer experience (non-expert vs expert), however the interaction of these variables was a good predictor of emotional response variance. Wine type also has an effect on emotional response, emphasising the role of sherry wine characteristics in consumer emotions. Furthermore, the Emotional Attention, one of the three dimensions of Emotional Intelligence, was found as a good predictor for the emotional responses to wine consumption. This relationship may be a key factor in understanding the differences between responsible consumption and excessive consumption, as indicated by research focused on binge drinking.