OBJECTIVE: Critically review and summarise existing knowledge on prevalence of oral, dental, and craniofacial side-effects of antineoplastic treatment in childhood cancer survivors (CCS).
METHODS: A literature search was conducted for studies reporting on children aged 4-19 years treated for any type of malignancy up to the age of 15 years and for whom, at the time of the examination, more than 8 months have elapsed since the end of treatment. Data regarding dental late effects on teeth and craniofacial complex were collected and mean prevalence of each defect was reported.
RESULTS: From the 800 articles identified, 17 studies fulfilled inclusion criteria and were included. A total of 983 CCS were examined, with the total number of healthy controls being 1266 children. Haematological malignancy was the most prevalent diagnosis with the age at diagnosis ranging between 0-15 years. Multiple antineoplastic protocols were implemented with the elapsed time being 8 months up to 17 years. One-third of CCS experienced at least one late effect, with corresponding value for the control group being below 25%. Among the defects identified clinically, microdontia, hypodontia and enamel developmental defects were recorded in 1/4 of CCS. Impaired root growth and agenesis were the two defects mostly recorded radiographically. The effect on dental maturity and on salivary glands was unclear.
CONCLUSIONS: CCS are at risk of developing dental late effects because of their disease and its treatment and therefore, routine periodic examinations are essential to record their development and provide comprehensive oral healthcare.

Dental and oral management (DOM) is a long-established treatment modality. This scoping review aimed to narratively review previous studies, examine the effects of perioperative DOM, and identify the available evidence. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed electronic database for studies published between January 1, 2000, and March 8, 2022. The search yielded 43 studies, most of which were published in the last 10 years. The results of this study confirmed that improved perioperative oral hygiene is effective in preventing postoperative pneumonia. Our results also suggested that preoperative DOM is effective in preventing postoperative surgical site infections. Perioperative DOM is effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative pneumonia, SSI, and postsurgical complications. Further studies are needed to elucidate the various mechanism of DOM and to examine efficient intervention methods and timing.

BACKGROUND: Moebius syndrome (MS) is a rare, non-progressive, neuromuscular, congenic disease involving the oral maxillofacial region. The present study aimed to describe the oral and extraoral findings in MS patients and their comprehensive dental management.
METHODS: A digital search was carried out in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, restricted to articles in English from Jan 01, 2000, to Apr 02, 2023, following PRISMA guidelines. The methodological quality of the studies was evaluated following the JBI guidelines. Qualitative analysis was carried out on the overall result, extraoral and intraoral manifestations, considering dental management as appropriate.
RESULTS: Twenty-three studies were included, and a total of 124 cases of patients with MS were analyzed. The 82% of patients with MS were younger than 15 years of age. The most frequent extraoral manifestations were blinking and visual problems (78,22%), malformations of the upper and lower limbs (58,22%), bilateral facial paralysis (12,90%), lack of facial expression (12.09%), and unilateral facial paralysis (6,45%). On the other hand, the most frequent oral manifestations were tongue deformities (78,22%), micrognathia (37,90%), labial incompetence (36,29%), cleft palate (22,87%), gothic palate (16,12%), microstomia (15,32%), anterior open bite (15,32%), dental caries (8,87%), and periodontal disease (8,06%). The majority of MS patients were treated by pediatric dentistry (60,86%), using a surgical approach (56,52%), and orthodontic and orthopedic maxillary (43,47%) followed by restorative (39,13%), and periodontal treatments (21,73%).
CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review demonstrates that patients with MS present a wide variety of oral and extraoral manifestations, for which dental treatments are planned and tailored to each patient in accordance with oral manifestations. These treatments encompass problem resolution and oral health maintenance, incorporating recent techniques in managing and treating patients with MS.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this review was to compare various types of restorations used in children and young adults affected with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) to determine the most effective restorative treatment.
METHODS: This systematic review included randomized controlled trials, retrospective and prospective cohorts conducted on children and young adults diagnosed with amelogenesis imperfecta and written in French or English. A systematic search was conducted using four databases, namely Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE via PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus, using a selection of MeSH terms: \"Amelogenesis Imperfecta,\" \"Therapeutics,\" \"Treatment Outcome,\" \"Adult, young,\" \"Child,\" \"Dental Restoration, Permanent,\" \"Dental Restoration, Temporary,\" and \"Esthetics, Dental.\"
RESULTS: Out of 138 articles identified in the initial search, four articles met all the inclusion criteria. The results showed that ceramic restorations had better quality scores and longevity compared to other restorations.
CONCLUSIONS: Ceramic restorations could be considered the restorative treatment modality of choice for AI-affected children and young adults. However, more high-quality clinical trials involving young patients affected with AI are required to evaluate and compare the outcomes of different restorative approaches.
CONCLUSIONS: Young patients affected with amelogenesis imperfecta usually suffer from low self-esteem, psychological problems and social avoidance, caused by the alteration of teeth such as discoloration, sensitivity, fractures and reduced size. For the dentist, selecting the appropriate restorative treatment for AI in young patients could be a veritable challenge. Therefore, it is important to have an evidence-based modality. For this reason, in this review, the different restorative approaches used in AI-affected young patients were compared to recommend the most effective treatment.

Blockchain technology has gained attention as a potential solution for improving data security, privacy, and interoperability in various industries, including healthcare. In the field of dentistry, the implementation of blockchain holds promise for transforming dental practice and management. However, a comprehensive evaluation of the existing literature regarding the implementation of blockchain technology in dental practice is lacking. This systematic review aimed to assess the current evidence on the implementation of blockchain technology in dental practice and management. A systematic literature search was conducted using major databases to identify relevant studies. The search strategy included keywords related to blockchain technology and dentistry. The investigation was performed as per the PRISMA guidelines. Studies reporting on the implementation, adoption, and outcomes of blockchain technology in dental practice and management were included. Quality assessment and data extraction were performed following predefined criteria. The initial search yielded a multitude of articles, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, six studies were included in the systematic review. The studies explored various aspects of blockchain technology implementation in dental practice, including data security, interoperability, supply chain management, and patient consent management. Furthermore, the use of blockchain-based systems showed potential benefits in enhancing supply chain management efficiency and patient consent authentication. This systematic review provided insights into the current state of blockchain technology implementation in dental practice and management. The findings suggested that blockchain technology has the potential to enhance data security, privacy, and interoperability in dental practices. However, further research and real-world implementation studies are needed to fully understand the impact of blockchain technology on dental practice and to address the existing challenges.

This study identified the scientific literature comparing the influence of different times in which dental procedures were performed before the oncological treatments (radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) on the risk of oral complications development. MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases were searched, and articles were selected by title, abstract and full-text assessment. The search identified 2,356 articles and three retrospective observational studies were included. Data were collected and analyzed according to the dental procedure, the time before oncological treatment, and oral complications. Risk of bias (ROBINS) and certainty of evidence (GRADE) were evaluated. Pairwise meta-analyses were performed from dental extractions (Exo) data according to the time which were performed and ORN development using a random-effect model (RR and 95 % CI, p < 0.05). meta-analyses showed a higher risk of ORN development in patients with Exo performed < 2 weeks before oncological treatment than in those who Exo was performed > 2 weeks ≤ 1 month before oncological therapy (RR 1.29; 95 % CI 1.12-1.48; p < 0.01). There was a higher prevalence of oral mucositis (OM) in patients who received periodontal treatment ≤ 3 weeks before oncological therapy than those who received dental procedures > 3 weeks ≤ 6 months before. Although the risk of bias ranged from serious to critical, with very low certainty of evidence, the findings suggest that dental extractions should be performed within > 2 weeks before oncological treatment to avoid ORN complications. More studies are needed to conclude the appropriate time to perform dental procedures to decrease other associated oral complications. (CRD42021272652).

OBJECTIVE: It has been reported that there are a certain percentage of COVID-19 patients who recover but suffer from devastating permanent organ damage or failure. Others suffer from long Covid syndrome, with prolonged symptoms that persist more than 12 weeks. However, there is scarcity of literature regarding the provision of dental treatment for these two groups of patients. This manuscript reviews the impact of multi-system involvement on the provision of dental care to these patients.
METHODS: A search of literature was done in PubMed-Medline and Scopus databases to review the available literature on COVID-19 impacts on pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematologic, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurologic systems and respective management in dental clinical settings.
RESULTS: The literature search from PubMed-Medline and Scopus databases resulted in 74 salient articles that contributed to the concise review on COVID-19 effects on pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematologic, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and neurologic systems and/or its respective dental management recommendations.
CONCLUSIONS: This concise review covers the management of post COVID-19 patients with pulmonary, cardiovascular, haematologic, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, or neurologic system complications.

A rise in the reported numbers of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) highlights the need for dental practitioners to be more familiar with the treatment approaches for these special needs children to ensure comfortable, well-accepted and efficient management while in dental office.
This paper aimed to acquire a deeper understanding of some of the innovative and best approaches to managing children with ASD in dental settings.
A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane databases, and grey literature based on the PRISMA 2020 statement, using main keywords such as: \'management\', \'dental\', \'children\', and \'Autism Spectrum Disorder\'. Original full-text papers including randomised controlled trials (RCT) and all other designs of non-randomised controlled studies (NRS) reporting relevant intervention studies in English were included without any publication time limit. The quality of the evidence found eligible for the review were then assessed using the ROB-2 and ROBINS-I tools. Subsequently, the details of management interventions and impact of treatment approaches were compared and discussed.
Out of the 204 articles found, 109 unrelated articles were excluded during the initial screening. The full papers of remaining 28 were retrieved and only 15 (7%) articles were eligible to be reviewed; eight RCTs with \'some concerns\' and \'high risk\' categories particularly concerning their randomisation design, and seven NSRs with \'serious\' to \'critical\' bias largely due to confounding factors.
Our review found inconclusive evidence on the strength of recent psychological and non-pharmacological approaches used to manage children with ASD in dental settings. Small sample size and lack of a control group in certain studies affected the strength of evidence and credibility of the findings. Nevertheless, this review shared informative details on some innovative approaches for better understanding of the management of children with ASD for dental professionals.

OBJECTIVE: To perform a comprehensive review of orofacial manifestations of Sanjad-Sakati syndrome (SSS).
METHODS: A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane library databases. The search keywords included were \"Sanjad-Sakati syndrome (SSS)\", \"dental manifestations\", \"dental management\", \"oral health\", \"dental care for patients with SSS\", \"dental health of people with SSS\", \"caries\", and \"oral hygiene\". The inclusion criteria were papers published only in English, papers published by August 2021, and papers discussing orofacial manifestations of SSS and language.
RESULTS: The search of the databases retrieved eleven case reports and three case series studies. Overall, 56 cases (11 case reports and 3 case series studies) were reported on Sanjad-Sakati syndrome in the published literature. The majority of the reports are from the Middle Eastern region.
CONCLUSIONS: The reported orofacial manifestations of SSS include beaked nose, depressed nasal bridge, enamel hypoplasia, hypodontia, low-set ears, posteriorly rotated ears, deep-set eyes, microcephaly, microdontia, micrognathia, prominent forehead, retrognathia, and thin lips. The review paper also establishes the importance of the dental under general anesthesia in SSS individuals.

OBJECTIVE: To seek evidence for osteoradionecrosis (ORN) after dental extractions before or after intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for head and neck cancer (HNC).
METHODS: Medline/PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched from 2000 until 2020. Articles on HNC patients treated with IMRT and dental extractions were analyzed by two independent reviewers. The risk ratios (RR) and odds ratios (OR) for ORN related to extractions were calculated using Fisher\'s exact test. A one-sample proportion test was used to assess the proportion of pre- versus post-IMRT extractions. Forest plots were used for the pooled RR and OR using a random-effects model.
RESULTS: Seven of 630 publications with 875 patients were eligible. A total of 437 (49.9%) patients were treated with extractions before and 92 (10.5%) after IMRT. 28 (3.2%) suffered from ORN after IMRT. ORN was associated with extractions in 15 (53.6%) patients, eight related to extractions prior to and seven cases related to extractions after IMRT. The risk and odds for ORN favored pre-IMRT extractions (RR = 0.18, 95% CI: 0.04-0.74, p = 0.031, I2 = 0%, OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.03-0.99, p = 0.049, I2 = 0%). However, the prediction interval of the expected range of 95% of true effects included 1 for RR and OR.
CONCLUSIONS: Tooth extraction before IMRT is more common than after IMRT, but dental extractions before compared to extractions after IMRT have not been proven to reduce the incidence of ORN. Extractions of teeth before IMRT have to be balanced with any potential delay in initiating cancer therapy.