为了提高生产力,水产养殖正在加剧,随着高密度鱼塘和饲料投入的增加,导致营养负荷和富营养化。气候变化进一步加剧了影响水生生物和消费者的蓝藻水华和蓝毒素的产生。从一开始就对这个问题进行了审查-富营养化,蓝藻水华,它们在水产养殖中的有害代谢产物和相应的影响(健康和经济)。还评估了有关蓝细菌/蓝藻毒素与全球淡水水产养殖(鱼类生产)潜在后果之间关系的证据强度,同时确定知识差距并提出未来的研究方向。为此,到2023年6月(从2000年开始)搜索了几个在线数据库,以及在人类食用的生物水产养殖中进行的可获取出版物,反映了氰毒素的暴露,被选中。提取并分析了全球水产养殖及其产品中蓝细菌/蓝毒素的数据。来自22个国家的63篇论文在亚洲进行(48%),非洲(22%)美国(22%)和欧洲(8%)。铜绿微囊藻最常见,在150多种蓝细菌中。在来自18个国家的水产养殖水体和鱼类中发现了蓝细菌代谢物(主要是微囊藻毒素)(分别为42篇和33篇论文)。受影响最大的是小而浅的鱼塘,和杂食性或食肉鱼类。在各种鱼类器官中都检测到了蓝毒素,包括肌肉,在60%的研究中,水平超过了可容忍的每日摄入量。大多数研究是在发展中国家进行的,采用不太精确的检测方法,对获得的值进行估计。为了评估人类暴露的风险,所有氰基毒素的精确水平,不仅需要微囊藻毒素,包括监测它们在水生食物链和食品加工过程中的命运。关于健康后果的流行病学研究,设置指导值,持续监测也是必要的。进一步的努力应侧重于消除的方法,预防,和教育。
To enhance productivity, aquaculture is intensifying, with high-density fish ponds and increased feed input, contributing to nutrient load and eutrophication. Climate change further exacerbates cyanobacterial blooms and cyanotoxin production that affect aquatic organisms and consumers. A
review was conducted to outline this issue from its inception - eutrophication, cyanobacterial blooms, their harmful metabolites and consequential effects (health and economic) in aquacultures. The strength of evidence regarding the relationship between
cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins and potential consequences in freshwater aquacultures (fish production) globally were assessed as well, while identifying knowledge gaps and suggesting future research directions. With that aim several online databases were searched through June 2023 (from 2000), and accessible publications conducted in aquacultures with organisms for human consumption, reflecting cyanotoxin exposure, were selected. Data on
cyanobacteria/cyanotoxins in aquacultures and its products worldwide were extracted and analyzed. Selected 63 papers from 22 countries were conducted in Asia (48%), Africa (22%), America (22%) and Europe (8%). Microcystis aeruginosa was most frequent, among over 150 cyanobacterial species. Cyanobacterial metabolites (mostly microcystins) were found in aquaculture water and fish from 18 countries (42 and 33 papers respectively). The most affected were small and shallow fish ponds, and omnivorous or carnivorous fish species. Cyanotoxins were detected in various fish organs, including muscles, with levels exceeding the tolerable daily intake in 60% of the studies. The majority of research was done in developing countries, employing less precise detection methods, making the obtained values estimates. To assess the risk of human exposure, the precise levels of all cyanotoxins, not just microcystins are needed, including monitoring their fate in aquatic food chains and during food processing. Epidemiological research on health consequences, setting guideline values, and continuous monitoring are necessary as well. Further efforts should focus on methods for elimination, prevention, and education.