Mild gastrointestinal symptoms and mild abdominal pain often occur in association with COVID-19. However, acute abdomen and severe abdominal pain warranting urgent surgical treatment are rare. Here we present the case of a 40-year-old man who presented with the clinical picture of a perforated duodenal ulcer. He was eventually found to have COVID-19 and was treated conservatively. In this report, we discuss his course of treatment and review the relevant literature.

The new coronavirus disease, called COVID-19, has spread extremely quickly to more than 200 countries since its detection in December 2019 in China. COVID-19 marks the return of a very old and familiar enemy. Throughout human history, disasters such as earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and even wars have not caused more human losses than lethal diseases, which are caused by viruses, bacteria and parasites. The first COVID-19 case was detected in Turkey on 12 March 2020 and researchers have since then attempted to examine periodicity in the number of daily new cases. One of the most curious questions in the pandemic process that affects the whole world is whether there will be a second wave. Such questions can be answered by examining any periodicities in the series of daily cases. Periodic series are frequently seen in many disciplines. An important method based on harmonic regression is the focus of the study. The main aim of this study is to identify the hidden periodic structure of the daily infected cases. Infected case of Turkey is analyzed by using periodogram-based methodology. Our results revealed that there are 4, 5 and 62 days cycles in the daily new cases of Turkey.

UNASSIGNED: Mucormycosis, often referred to as black fungus is being recognized as post treatment complication in COVID-19. A complex interaction of immune compromised state may lead to secondary fungal infections. Rhino-orbital mucormycosis, a rare fungal disease, involves the orbit, nose, and sinuses. If not intervened early it might progress with a fatal outcome. The present case report is a Rhino-orbital mucormycosis presentating as a secondary infection in COVID-19 patient and its management. A 51-year-old male patient diagnosed with COVID-19, developed periorbital odema of the left eye along with tooth pain. Nasal endoscopy, computed tomography, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging suggested Rhino-orbital mucormycosis. Surgical debridement followed by intravenous Amphotericin B was prescribed. After a week of follow-up, complete resolution of symptoms was noticed.
UNASSIGNED: An early diagnosis and prompt management is the key to reduce morbidity and mortality in these patients. Prophylactic measures and judicious use of drugs may reduce the incidence of this opportunistic infection.

UNASSIGNED: Fungal infections of the paranasal sinus are increasingly recognized in both normal and immunocompromised individuals. It is necessary to distinguish invasive diseases from the non- invasive as the result and prognosis of sinus treatment different in each one. CBCT imaging could help us in this regard. In this case, we describe a fungal sinusitis according to Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) findings.
UNASSIGNED: We present a case of a 48-year-old woman with diabetes mellitus referred to our Maxillofacial Radiology Center in Babol, Iran. The patient has been discharged from the hospital recently after recovering from COVID-19 Considering the background systemic disease (diabetes) and clinical and radiological findings (extension of bone destruction), fungal sinusitis (invasive form) was listed top in the differential diagnosis list , as it is the most common condition in post-COVID-19 patients.
UNASSIGNED: CBCT images are very useful for diagnosing normal anatomy variations and sinus lesions especially bone lesions .In this case, its early diagnosis led to rapid recovery of the patient.

UNASSIGNED: Venous thrombosis has been widely described in the setting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection; however, arterial thrombosis has rarely been reported. This study aims to assess the incidence, risk factors, interventions, and outcomes of acute aortoiliac arterial thrombosis in patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infections.
UNASSIGNED: We present seven SARS-CoV-2-positive patients from our institution who acutely developed thrombi in the aortoiliac arterial system (7/2020-1/2021). A systematic review of the literature on aortoiliac arterial thrombosis in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was also performed. The available data from all reported cases in the literature and at our institution were analyzed.
UNASSIGNED: Thirty published articles and journal correspondences, including 52 patients, were reviewed and analyzed in addition to our institution\'s 7 cases. In total, 59 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients were found to have acute aortoiliac thrombosis. The abdominal aorta was the most frequent location for the development of a thrombus. Baseline demographics and medical comorbidities were not significantly different between the symptomatic and asymptomatic cohorts. Seventy-one percent of patients were symptomatic (lower limb ischemia: 75.0%, renal infarction: 20.0%, stroke: 12.5%, mesenteric ischemia: 10.0%). All patients with thrombus involving the ascending aorta, aortic bifurcation, or iliac artery developed thromboembolic or ischemic complications. All patients received systemic anticoagulation. Fifty-three percent of all patients were managed medically. Ninety-four percent of the asymptomatic patients were managed medically. One asymptomatic patient underwent endovascular aspiration of a mobile thrombus. Three (23.1%) deaths occurred in the asymptomatic cohort from hypoxic respiratory failure. Fourteen (36.8%) deaths occurred in the symptomatic cohort. The in-hospital mortality rate was 33.3% overall and 43.8% for patients with thrombi involving more than one aortoiliac segment.
UNASSIGNED: The presence of thrombi in the aortoiliac arterial system appears to be a poor prognostic indicator for patients with active SARS-CoV-2 infections. Medical management of patients with asymptomatic aortoiliac thrombi may be considered. The presence of thrombi involving the ascending aorta, aortic bifurcation, or iliac artery may warrant consideration for operative intervention due to the risk for thromboembolic or ischemic complications. Further study is needed to fully delineate the risk factors, optimal treatment, and outcomes of arterial thrombosis in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

COVID-19 is a serious disease with high morbidity and mortality around the globe. We present a case of a 45-year-old male who presents with substernal chest pain three days after receiving the second dose of his COVID-19 mRNA (Moderna) vaccine. A transthoracic echo showed reduced left ventricular ejection fraction of 25-30% with akinesis of the mid to distal anterior, anteroseptal, anterolateral, inferolateral, inferoseptal, and inferior walls. Patient symptoms improved significantly during his hospitalization. Repeat trans-thoracic echo four days after his hospitalization showed ejection fraction recovery without segmental wall motion abnormalities. This case demonstrates the importance of recognizing Takotsubo cardiomyopathy as a complication of COVID-19 vaccine.

A 30-year-old male diagnosed three years previously with reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) presented to the department of neurology with an accumulation of attacks mimicking previous RCVS attacks and fulfilling the diagnostic criteria for RCVS after receiving the first Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. The neurologic exam, blood samples, electrocardiogram (ECG), and computer tomography of the head (CTC) were normal. The patient was treated with the angiotensin 2 receptor antagonist, losartan, with a good response and was discharged with a prescription for losartan lasting until three days after the second Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine. No further RCVS attacks were reported. These findings indicate that the COVID-19 vaccine might induce RCVS attacks in susceptible individuals, and targeting the angiotensin 2 receptor could be a preventive option.

SARS-CoV-2 infection has various manifestations including neurological and musculoskeletal system involvement. COVID-19 infection causes peripheral nerve lesions including small fibre neuropathy. Complex regional pain syndrome is a debilitating neurological condition manifested by predominantly pain associated with other sensory, motor, autonomic and tropic involvement. Identification and early treatment of CRPS has better prognosis. Here, we report a 21-year-old woman presented with pain, hyperalgesia, and swelling of left upper and lower limb following SARS-CoV-2 infection managed as possible complex regional pain syndrome.

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus that is the causative agent of COVID-19. It can affect a variety of human organ systems, including the skin. Five clinical patterns of this infection have been described. These patterns not only help in diagnosing the disease but are also helpful in predicting the severity of infection. The percentage of dermatological manifestations of COVID-19 is highly variable in different regions of the world, with some western countries reporting the percentage as high as 20%. However, the data from Asia, especially Pakistan, in this regard is sparse. We report a case of COVID-19 infection (PCR proven) with maculopapular eruption. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of its kind being reported from Pakistan. We would encourage our fellow physicians to report more such cases so that the dermatological pattern of COVID-19 in Pakistan can be appropriately categorized in the literature.

In March 2020, the Norwegian government announced a COVID-19 lockdown in order to reduce the spread of the coronavirus. In Norway, lockdown measures included restricting people\'s ability to leave their home and the closing of social institutions, thus reducing the capacity for victims of intimate partner violence to alert someone outside of their home about violent incidents that occurred during lockdown. At the same time, the restrictive measures forced the victim and the perpetrator to stay together for prolonged periods within the home, and reduced the possibility for them to escape or leave the perpetrator. The aim of this study was to investigate how the frequency and character of intimate partner violence reported to the police changed during the period of lockdown in Norway.
All cases of intimate partner violence registered in police files before the pandemic (from January 2016-February 2020) and during lockdown in Norway (March-December 2020) were included in the study, representing a total of 974 cases. Differences in the number and severity of cases were calculated using χ2-tests and Wilcoxon\'s rank sum test. Differences in the characteristics of the reported violence was assessed with the Brief Spousal Assault form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER) and tested with Fischer\'s exact test with Bonferroni correction. Standardised Morbidity Rate (SMR) statistics were used to analyse the proportion of immigrants as compared to the general population.
Reported intimate partner violence increased by 54% during the lockdown period in Norway. Between March-December 2020, the police assessed the cases as being at higher risk of imminent and severe violence. Our findings indicated an overrepresentation of immigrant perpetrators before and during lockdown (SMR = 1.814, 95% CI = 1.792-1.836 before, and SMR = 1.807, 95% CI = 1.742-1.872 during lockdown). Notably, while victims with an immigrant background were overrepresented before lockdown, we found significantly lower proportion of immigrant IPV victims during the lockdown period (SMR = 1.070, 95% CI = 1.052-1.087 before, and SMR = 0.835, CI 95% CI = 0.787-0.883 during lockdown). Also, there were significantly more female perpetrators and male victims reported to the police during the lockdown period. A higher proportion of the victims were assessed as having unsafe living conditions and personal problems during lockdown. Finally, during the lockdown period in Norway, a higher proportion of perpetrators had a history of intimate relationship problems.
Intimate partner violence increased dramatically during the COVID-19 lockdown. A range of options for victims to escape from their perpetrators, particularly during times of crisis, should be developed in line with good practice, and with a special focus on the most vulnerable victims.