PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In March 2020, the Norwegian government announced a COVID-19 lockdown in order to reduce the spread of the coronavirus. In Norway, lockdown measures included restricting people\'s ability to leave their home and the closing of social institutions, thus reducing the capacity for victims of intimate partner violence to alert someone outside of their home about violent incidents that occurred during lockdown. At the same time, the restrictive measures forced the victim and the perpetrator to stay together for prolonged periods within the home, and reduced the possibility for them to escape or leave the perpetrator. The aim of this study was to investigate how the frequency and character of intimate partner violence reported to the police changed during the period of lockdown in Norway.
All cases of intimate partner violence registered in police files before the pandemic (from January 2016-February 2020) and during lockdown in Norway (March-December 2020) were included in the study, representing a total of 974 cases. Differences in the number and severity of cases were calculated using χ2-tests and Wilcoxon\'s rank sum test. Differences in the characteristics of the reported violence was assessed with the Brief Spousal Assault form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER) and tested with Fischer\'s exact test with Bonferroni correction. Standardised Morbidity Rate (SMR) statistics were used to analyse the proportion of immigrants as compared to the general population.
Reported intimate partner violence increased by 54% during the lockdown period in Norway. Between March-December 2020, the police assessed the cases as being at higher risk of imminent and severe violence. Our findings indicated an overrepresentation of immigrant perpetrators before and during lockdown (SMR = 1.814, 95% CI = 1.792-1.836 before, and SMR = 1.807, 95% CI = 1.742-1.872 during lockdown). Notably, while victims with an immigrant background were overrepresented before lockdown, we found significantly lower proportion of immigrant IPV victims during the lockdown period (SMR = 1.070, 95% CI = 1.052-1.087 before, and SMR = 0.835, CI 95% CI = 0.787-0.883 during lockdown). Also, there were significantly more female perpetrators and male victims reported to the police during the lockdown period. A higher proportion of the victims were assessed as having unsafe living conditions and personal problems during lockdown. Finally, during the lockdown period in Norway, a higher proportion of perpetrators had a history of intimate relationship problems.
Intimate partner violence increased dramatically during the COVID-19 lockdown. A range of options for victims to escape from their perpetrators, particularly during times of crisis, should be developed in line with good practice, and with a special focus on the most vulnerable victims.
All cases of intimate partner violence registered in police files before the pandemic (from January 2016-February 2020) and during lockdown in Norway (March-December 2020) were included in the study, representing a total of 974 cases. Differences in the number and severity of cases were calculated using χ2-tests and Wilcoxon\'s rank sum test. Differences in the characteristics of the reported violence was assessed with the Brief Spousal Assault form for the Evaluation of Risk (B-SAFER) and tested with Fischer\'s exact test with Bonferroni correction. Standardised Morbidity Rate (SMR) statistics were used to analyse the proportion of immigrants as compared to the general population.
Reported intimate partner violence increased by 54% during the lockdown period in Norway. Between March-December 2020, the police assessed the cases as being at higher risk of imminent and severe violence. Our findings indicated an overrepresentation of immigrant perpetrators before and during lockdown (SMR = 1.814, 95% CI = 1.792-1.836 before, and SMR = 1.807, 95% CI = 1.742-1.872 during lockdown). Notably, while victims with an immigrant background were overrepresented before lockdown, we found significantly lower proportion of immigrant IPV victims during the lockdown period (SMR = 1.070, 95% CI = 1.052-1.087 before, and SMR = 0.835, CI 95% CI = 0.787-0.883 during lockdown). Also, there were significantly more female perpetrators and male victims reported to the police during the lockdown period. A higher proportion of the victims were assessed as having unsafe living conditions and personal problems during lockdown. Finally, during the lockdown period in Norway, a higher proportion of perpetrators had a history of intimate relationship problems.
Intimate partner violence increased dramatically during the COVID-19 lockdown. A range of options for victims to escape from their perpetrators, particularly during times of crisis, should be developed in line with good practice, and with a special focus on the most vulnerable victims.
摘要：
2020年3月，挪威政府宣布对COVID-19进行封锁，以减少冠状病毒的传播。在挪威,封锁措施包括限制人们离开家园的能力和关闭社会机构，从而降低了亲密伴侣暴力的受害者在封锁期间向家庭外的人发出警报的能力。同时,限制性措施迫使受害者和肇事者在家中长时间呆在一起，并减少了他们逃脱或离开肇事者的可能性。这项研究的目的是调查在挪威封锁期间向警方报告的亲密伴侣暴力的频率和特征如何变化。
在大流行之前（2016年1月至2020年2月）和在挪威封锁期间（2020年3月至12月）在警察档案中登记的所有亲密伴侣暴力案件都被纳入研究。共974例。使用χ2检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验计算病例数量和严重程度的差异。报告的暴力特征的差异通过风险评估的简要配偶攻击表（B-SAFER）进行评估，并通过Fischer的精确测试和Bonferroni校正进行测试。标准化发病率（SMR）统计数据用于分析移民与普通人口的比例。
报告的亲密伴侣暴力在挪威的封锁期间增加了54%。在2020年3月至12月期间，警方评估这些案件面临更高的迫在眉睫和严重暴力风险。我们的调查结果表明，在封锁之前和期间，移民肇事者的比例过高(SMR=1.814，95%CI=1.792-1.836，和SMR=1.807，95%CI=1.742-1.872）。值得注意的是,虽然有移民背景的受害者在封锁前比例过高，我们发现，在封锁期间，移民IPV受害者的比例明显较低(SMR=1.070，95%CI=1.052-1.087之前，锁定期间SMR=0.835，CI95%CI=0.787-0.883)。此外，在封锁期间，向警方报告的女性肇事者和男性受害者明显更多。更高比例的受害者被评估为在封锁期间有不安全的生活条件和个人问题。最后,在挪威的封锁期间，较高比例的肇事者有亲密关系问题的历史。
在COVID-19封锁期间，亲密伴侣暴力急剧增加。受害者逃离肇事者的一系列选择，特别是在危机时期，应该按照良好的做法发展，特别关注最脆弱的受害者。
在大流行之前（2016年1月至2020年2月）和在挪威封锁期间（2020年3月至12月）在警察档案中登记的所有亲密伴侣暴力案件都被纳入研究。共974例。使用χ2检验和Wilcoxon秩和检验计算病例数量和严重程度的差异。报告的暴力特征的差异通过风险评估的简要配偶攻击表（B-SAFER）进行评估，并通过Fischer的精确测试和Bonferroni校正进行测试。标准化发病率（SMR）统计数据用于分析移民与普通人口的比例。
报告的亲密伴侣暴力在挪威的封锁期间增加了54%。在2020年3月至12月期间，警方评估这些案件面临更高的迫在眉睫和严重暴力风险。我们的调查结果表明，在封锁之前和期间，移民肇事者的比例过高(SMR=1.814，95%CI=1.792-1.836，和SMR=1.807，95%CI=1.742-1.872）。值得注意的是,虽然有移民背景的受害者在封锁前比例过高，我们发现，在封锁期间，移民IPV受害者的比例明显较低(SMR=1.070，95%CI=1.052-1.087之前，锁定期间SMR=0.835，CI95%CI=0.787-0.883)。此外，在封锁期间，向警方报告的女性肇事者和男性受害者明显更多。更高比例的受害者被评估为在封锁期间有不安全的生活条件和个人问题。最后,在挪威的封锁期间，较高比例的肇事者有亲密关系问题的历史。
在COVID-19封锁期间，亲密伴侣暴力急剧增加。受害者逃离肇事者的一系列选择，特别是在危机时期，应该按照良好的做法发展，特别关注最脆弱的受害者。
