血管生成是血管从预先存在的脉管系统发育的关键生物学过程。这有助于几个生理功能,包括胚胎发育,头发生长,排卵,月经,组织修复,和再生。相反,在心血管/缺血性疾病等各种病理状况下也是必不可少的,类风湿性关节炎,癌症,眼/视网膜疾病,和其他人。这些疾病通常通过使用不同的促血管生成因子或抗血管生成因子/分子通过促进或抑制该复杂过程来操纵血管生成来治疗。分别。然而,这些常规的血管生成治疗策略由于包括低生物利用度在内的几个限制而无法达到预期的治疗效果,快速清除,高成本,非特异性,耐药性和副作用。因此,现在是时候改进可以克服上述限制的不同的促血管生成材料和抗血管生成材料了,随后将其有效用于治疗血管生成相关疾病。最近,纳米技术在生物学和医学的各个领域都取得了巨大的进步,包括治疗性血管生成。全球范围内,包括我们在内的许多研究小组探索了各种无机金属纳米材料,它们可以通过增强或抑制血管生成过程来有效地操纵血管生成过程。对纳米材料介导的血管生成操纵的潜在机制的广泛研究也有充分的文献记载。在本评论文章中,我们打算介绍无机纳米药物控制血管生成的最新进展,主要关注促血管生成纳米材料及其治疗应用,以及相关挑战和未来方向。
Angiogenesis is a crucial biological process of development of blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature, which helps in several physiological functions including embryonic development, hair growth, ovulation, menstruation, tissue repair, and regeneration. Contrastingly, it is also imperative in various pathological conditions like cardiovascular/ischemic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, cancers, ocular/retinal diseases, and others. These disease conditions are often treated by manipulating angiogenesis using different pro-angiogenic or antiangiogenic factors/molecules through either promoting or inhibiting this complex process, respectively. However, these conventional angiogenic treatment strategies fall short in attaining the desired therapeutic effect due to several limitations including low bioavailability, rapid clearance, high cost, nonspecificity, drug resistance and side effects. Therefore, it is high time for the advancement of different pro- and antiangiogenic materials that could overcome aforesaid limitations, followed by their effective use for the therapy of angiogenesis related diseases. Recently, nanotechnology has drastically advanced in various areas of biology and medicine including therapeutic angiogenesis. Globally, many research groups including ours explored various inorganic metal nanomaterials that could efficiently manipulate the angiogenesis process either by augmenting or inhibiting it. The extensive investigation of the mechanisms underlying nanomaterials-mediated manipulation of angiogenesis is also well-documented. In the present review article, we intend to introduce the recent developments of inorganic nanomedicine manipulating angiogenesis with major focus on pro-angiogenic nanomaterials and their therapeutic applications along with associated challenges and future directions.