背景:战士,通常被称为战术运动员,寻求膳食补充剂,以加强训练和恢复。大约69%的现役美国军事人员报告说他们在消费膳食补充剂。本系统评价的目的是研究膳食补充剂对现役军人肌肉相关身体表现和恢复的影响。
方法:研究了现役军人口服膳食补充剂的随机对照试验和准实验对照试验。协议已注册(PROSPEROCRD42023401472),并对MEDLINE和CINAHL进行了系统搜索。纳入标准包括1990年至2023年之间发表的研究,其中包括现役军人的肌肉表现和恢复结果。使用麦克马斯特大学指南和定量研究关键审查表评估偏倚的风险。
结果:共纳入16项研究。四个是在蛋白质或碳水化合物上进行的;四个是单独的β-丙氨酸,只有肌酸,或组合;两种混合营养补充剂;两种单独的益生菌或与β羟基-β甲基丁酸钙联合使用;四种植物营养素提取物,包括牛至,甜菜根汁,槲皮素,和白藜芦醇.与身体表现相关的十项检查结果,和六个关于受伤或康复的结果。总的来说,蛋白质,碳水化合物,β-丙氨酸,肌酸,和甜菜根汁适度改善性能,而槲皮素没有。蛋白质,碳水化合物,β-丙氨酸,益生菌,牛至减少了炎症的标志物,而白藜芦醇没有。
结论:营养补充可能对战士的肌肉表现和恢复有很小的益处。然而,由于各成分的证据和可比较的结局在很大程度上不一致,因此在解释方面存在显著的局限性.因此,没有足够的实际证据表明膳食补充剂如何影响田间表现。
BACKGROUND: Warfighters, often called tactical athletes, seek dietary supplementation to enhance training and recovery. Roughly 69% of active-duty US military personnel have reported consuming dietary supplements. The objective of this systematic review was to examine the impact of dietary supplements on muscle-related physical performance and recovery in active-duty military personnel.
METHODS: Randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental controlled trials of oral dietary supplementation in active-duty military members were examined. A protocol was registered (PROSPERO CRD42023401472), and a systematic search of MEDLINE and CINAHL was undertaken. Inclusion criteria consisted of studies published between 1990-2023 with outcomes of muscle performance and recovery among active-duty military populations. The risk of bias was assessed with the McMaster University Guidelines and Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies.
RESULTS: Sixteen studies were included. Four were conducted on protein or carbohydrate; four on beta-alanine alone, creatine alone, or in combination; two on mixed nutritional supplements; two on probiotics alone or in combination with beta hydroxy-beta methylbutyrate calcium; and four on phytonutrient extracts including oregano, beetroot juice, quercetin, and resveratrol. Ten examined outcomes related to physical performance, and six on outcomes of injury or recovery. Overall, protein, carbohydrate, beta-alanine, creatine, and beetroot juice modestly improved performance, while quercetin did not. Protein, carbohydrates, beta-alanine, probiotics, and oregano reduced markers of inflammation, while resveratrol did not.
CONCLUSIONS: Nutrition supplementation may have small benefits on muscle performance and recovery in warfighters. However, there are significant limitations in interpretation due to the largely inconsistent evidence of ingredients and comparable outcomes. Thus, there is inadequate practical evidence to suggest how dietary supplementation may affect field performance.