■反复的病毒爆发对社会产生重大的负面影响。这就需要开发新的策略来补充现有的抗病毒方法。需要从自然界衍生的安全和可持续的抗病毒解决方案。
■本研究旨在调查柳树(柳树属。)树皮热水提取物对抗冠状病毒和肠道病毒。柳树皮长期以来因其药用特性而被认可,并已用于传统药物中。然而,其作为广谱抗病毒剂的潜力仍未被开发。
■细胞病变效应抑制测定和基于杀病毒和qPCR的测定用于评估树皮提取物的抗病毒潜力。使用添加时间测定法研究了作用机理,共聚焦显微镜,TEM,热,和结合测定。使用高分辨率LC-MS对提取物进行分馏并筛选其化学成分。
■即使在室温和45s后,天然柳柳样品也证明了它们对无包膜肠道病毒的出色抗病毒潜力。它们对季节性和大流行冠状病毒同样有效。共聚焦显微镜通过对新合成的衣壳或刺突蛋白的可忽略的染色来验证感染能力的丧失。添加时间研究表明,柳树皮提取物对病毒颗粒有直接作用,但不通过细胞靶标。阴性染色TEM和热分析表明,对肠道病毒的抗病毒作用是基于病毒体的稳定性。相比之下,柳树皮提取物引起冠状病毒结构的可见变化,负染色TEM证明了这一点。然而,与细胞的结合没有受到影响,如qPCR研究所验证的。此外,冠状病毒在细胞内体中积累,并且在此阶段之后没有进行,基于共焦研究。没有经过测试的商业参考样品,比如水杨苷,水杨酸,picein,还有triandrin,有任何抗病毒活性。提取物的分级分离和随后的MS分析显示,大多数分离的馏分对肠道病毒非常有效,并且含有几种不同的化学基团,例如羟基肉桂酸衍生物,黄酮类化合物,和原花青素.
■柳柳属植物。树皮提取物含有几种可能协同作用和直接作用于病毒的杀病毒剂。
UNASSIGNED: Recurring viral outbreaks have a significant negative impact on society. This creates a need to develop novel strategies to complement the existing antiviral approaches. There is a need for safe and sustainable antiviral solutions derived from nature.
UNASSIGNED: This
study aimed to investigate the antiviral potential of willow (Salix spp.) bark hot water extracts against coronaviruses and enteroviruses. Willow bark has long been recognized for its medicinal properties and has been used in traditional medicines. However, its potential as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent remains relatively unexplored.
UNASSIGNED: Cytopathic effect inhibition assay and virucidal and qPCR-based assays were used to evaluate the antiviral potential of the bark extracts. The mechanism of action was investigated using time-of-addition assay, confocal microscopy, TEM, thermal, and binding assays. Extracts were fractionated and screened for their chemical composition using high-resolution LC-MS.
UNASSIGNED: The native Salix samples demonstrated their excellent antiviral potential against the non-enveloped enteroviruses even at room temperature and after 45 s. They were equally effective against the seasonal and pandemic coronaviruses. Confocal microscopy verified the loss of infection capacity by negligible staining of the newly synthesized capsid or spike proteins. Time-of-addition studies demonstrated that Salix bark extract had a direct effect on the virus particles but not through cellular targets. Negative stain TEM and thermal assay showed that antiviral action on enteroviruses was based on the added stability of the virions. In contrast, Salix bark extract caused visible changes in the coronavirus structure, which was demonstrated by the negative stain TEM. However, the binding to the cells was not affected, as verified by the qPCR
study. Furthermore, coronavirus accumulated in the cellular endosomes and did not proceed after this stage, based on the confocal studies. None of the tested commercial reference samples, such as salicin, salicylic acid, picein, and triandrin, had any antiviral activity. Fractionation of the extract and subsequent MS analysis revealed that most of the separated fractions were very effective against enteroviruses and contained several different chemical groups such as hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and procyanidins.
UNASSIGNED: Salix spp. bark extracts contain several virucidal agents that are likely to act synergistically and directly on the viruses.