大脑从我们环境中的连续信息中提取统计规律。这被称为统计学习(SL)。统计学习被认为是人类大脑的先天功能,有助于大脑的发展。在预测编码的框架内,这种学习系统使我们能够预测未来的状态,以最大程度地减少感官反应并解决世界各地的不确定性。通过听觉统计学习,大脑的发育,人类能够理解语言和音乐。越来越多的研究表明,西方古典音乐训练优化了大脑的音乐概率模型,并提高了新遇到的旋律中感知不确定性(熵)的准确性。没有研究,然而,研究音乐训练如何调制节奏的概率模型,以及音乐文化如何调整他们。本研究调查了有和没有节拍的时间序列的SL如何反映在神经反应中,以及SL是如何被不同文化中的两种音乐训练所调制的:西方和日本古典音乐(即,胡加库)。神经表现表明,有证据表明,搏动序列的SL效应在左半球很明显。与非音乐家相比,西方和日本古典音乐家的这一发现更大。Further,序列的熵(不确定性)与SL的神经效应负相关,主要在西方和日本古典音乐家的左半球。这些表明,不管音乐文化,音乐训练通常可以促进节奏的SL。然而,特定的神经成分显示了音乐家群体之间的差异:较早的成分,称为P1,表示两组音乐家的感知不确定性的左偏化,而后来的组件,被称为N1,仅在日本古典音乐家中代表了左偏化。这些发现可能表明,音乐训练的类型不同地调节潜在的时间SL的神经表现,特别是不确定性的全局处理,而不是过渡概率的局部处理。本研究为日本古典音乐的神经生理学解释提供了新的思路。
The brain extracts statistical regularities from sequential information around our environment. This is referred to as statistical learning (SL). Statistical learning is considered an innate function in the human brain and contributes to the brain\'s development. Within the framework of predictive coding, this learning system allows us to predict a future state to minimize sensory reaction and resolve uncertainty around the world. By auditory statistical learning, over the brain\'s development, humans become able to comprehend language and music. An increasing number of studies has revealed that Western-classical musical training optimizes the brain\'s probabilistic model of music and enhances the accuracy of perceptive uncertainty (entropy) in newly encountered melody. No
study, however, investigates how musical training modulates the probabilistic model of rhythm, and how the musical culture tunes them. The present
study investigated how SL of temporal sequences with and without a beat is reflected in neural responses, and how the SL is modulated by the two types of musical training in different cultures: Western- and Japanese-classical music (i.e., Hougaku). The neural representation showed evidence that the SL effects of beat sequence were prominent in the left hemisphere. This finding was larger in Western- and Japanese-classical musicians compared with non-musicians. Further, the entropy (uncertainty) of the sequences negatively correlated with neural effects of SL, mainly in the left hemisphere of the both Western- and Japanese-classical musicians. These suggest that, regardless of musical culture, musical training may generally facilitate SL of rhythm. However, the specific neural components showed differences between groups of musicians: an earlier component, referred to as P1, represented the left lateralization for perceptive uncertainty in both groups of musicians, whereas a later component, referred to as N1, represented the left lateralization only in Japanese Classical musicians. These findings may suggest that the types of musical training differently modulate neural representation of underlying temporal SL, particularly global processing of uncertainty rather than local processing of transitional probability. The present
study sheds new light on the neurophysiological account of Japanese classical music.