背景:尽管全球公认,世卫组织的报告揭示了巨大的差距,四分之一的医疗设施缺乏基本的供水服务,影响了超过18亿人,21%的人缺乏卫生服务,影响了15亿人,特别是在低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs)普遍存在。这项研究旨在批判性地评估各种医疗机构中WASH设施的现状。
方法:本综述包括各种数据库,如PubMed、MEDLINE,EMBASE,CINAHL,Scopus,灰色文学,对采用各种设计的合格研究进行了WASH基础设施和实践审查。使用QuADS检查表严格评估方法学质量。数据分析,用R软件执行,涉及得出WASH干预效果的汇总估计。进行了敏感性分析,采用漏斗图等统计方法来确保稳健性并减轻偏见。
结果:在筛选的13,250篇文章中,这次审查包括18个。荟萃分析显示,WASH干预措施对整个领域-水的影响显著(67.38%),卫生(53.93%),废物管理(40.82%),环境(56.58%),卫生(66.83%),和管理层(42.30%)。
结论:水的广泛差异,环卫,卫生(WASH)在医疗保健机构(HCF)中持续存在,农村地区面临显著赤字。水质方面的挑战,卫生,和废物管理需求全面,多部门改进方法。
Despite global recognition, WHO reports reveal significant gaps, with one in four healthcare facilities lacking basic water services, affecting over 1.8 billion people, and 21% lacking sanitation services, impacting 1.5 billion people, especially prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to critically evaluate the current state of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) facilities across a diverse range of healthcare settings. This
review included various databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus and grey literature; eligible studies employing various designs were scrutinized for WASH infrastructure and practices. Methodological quality was rigorously evaluated using the QuADS checklist. Data analysis, performed with R software, involved deriving pooled estimates of WASH intervention effects. Sensitivity analyses were conducted, employing statistical methods such as funnel plots to ensure robustness and mitigate biases. Of the 13,250 articles screened, 18 were included in this
review. Meta-analyses revealed significant effect sizes for WASH interventions across domains - water (67.38%), sanitation (53.93%),
waste management (40.82%), environment (56.58%), hygiene (66.83%), and management (42.30%). Widespread disparities in WASH persist across healthcare facilities, with rural areas facing notable deficits. Challenges in water quality, sanitation and
waste management demand comprehensive, multi-sectoral approaches for improvement.