Abstract：
The dynamic price increases of fertilizers and the generation of organic waste are currently global issues. The growth of the population has led to increased production of solid municipal waste and a higher demand for food. Food production is inherently related to agriculture and, to achieve higher yields, it is necessary to replenish the soil with essential minerals. A synergistic approach that addresses both problems is the implementation of the composting process, which aligns with the principles of a circular economy. Food waste, green waste, paper waste, cardboard waste, and animal manure are promising feedstock materials for the extraction of valuable compounds. This review discusses key factors that influence the composting process and compares them with the input materials\' parameters. It also considers methods for optimizing the process, such as the use of biochar and inoculation, which result in the production of the final product in a significantly shorter time and at lower financial costs. The applications of composts produced from various materials are described along with associated risks. In addition, innovative composting technologies are presented.
摘要：
肥料的动态价格上涨和有机废物的产生目前是全球性问题。人口的增长导致固体城市垃圾的产生增加和对食物的更高需求。粮食生产与农业有着内在的联系,为了获得更高的产量，有必要补充土壤中的必需矿物质。解决这两个问题的协同方法是实施堆肥过程，这符合循环经济的原则。食物浪费,绿色废弃物,废纸,纸板废料,和动物粪便是有前途的原料，用于提取有价值的化合物。这篇综述讨论了影响堆肥过程的关键因素，并将其与输入材料参数进行了比较。它还考虑了优化过程的方法，例如使用生物炭和接种，这导致最终产品的生产在一个显著更短的时间和更低的财务成本。描述了由各种材料生产的堆肥的应用以及相关风险。此外,提出了创新的堆肥技术。
