1985年的上一次苏联反酒精运动大大减少了酒精消费,挽救了数千人的生命。但是一旦竞选活动的政策被放弃,苏联的酒精垄断被打破,在许多新成立的继承国家中,死亡率急剧上升,虽然有些人保持垄断。竞选结束近30年后,该地区面临着与酒精有关的各种挑战。
本叙述性综述揭示了前苏联(FSU)15个国家最近的饮酒趋势和酒精政策发展。突出最重要的挫折,成就和最佳实践。白俄罗斯的酒精控制政策小插曲,爱沙尼亚,哈萨克斯坦,介绍立陶宛和乌兹别克斯坦是为了说明最近的事态发展。
在过去的十年里,几乎所有FSU国家的饮酒水平都有所下降,同时引入了各种酒精控制措施。世界卫生组织提出的减轻酒精负担的所谓三个“最佳购买”(税收和其他提高价格的措施,对酒精供应和营销的限制)在各国实施得相对较好。
近年来,在许多国家,以证据为基础的酒精政策已得到积极实施,以应对巨大的酒精负担,尽管不同司法管辖区之间和内部存在很大差异。
在15个FSU国家中观察到酒精消费量的强劲下降,近年来引入了各种酒精控制措施,导致世界卫生组织欧洲地区整体饮酒量减少。
The last Soviet anti-alcohol campaign of 1985 resulted in considerably reduced alcohol consumption and saved thousands of lives. But once the campaign\'s policies were abandoned and the Soviet alcohol monopoly broken up, a steep rise in mortality was observed in many of the newly formed successor countries, although some kept their monopolies. Almost 30 years after the campaign\'s end, the region faces diverse challenges in relation to alcohol.
The present narrative
review sheds light on recent drinking trends and alcohol policy developments in the 15 Former Soviet Union (FSU) countries, highlighting the most important setbacks, achievements and best practices. Vignettes of alcohol control policies in Belarus, Estonia, Kazakhstan, Lithuania and Uzbekistan are presented to illustrate the recent developments.
Over the past decade, drinking levels have declined in almost all FSU countries, paralleled by the introduction of various alcohol-control measures. The so-called three \'best buys\' put forward by the World Health Organization to reduce alcohol-attributable burden (taxation and other measures to increase price, restrictions on alcohol availability and marketing) are relatively well implemented across the countries.
In recent years, evidence-based alcohol policies have been actively implemented as a response to the enormous alcohol-attributable burden in many of the countries, although there is big variance across and within different jurisdictions.
Strong declines in alcohol consumption were observed in the 15 FSU countries, which have introduced various alcohol control measures in recent years, resulting in a reduction of alcohol consumption in the World Health Organization European region overall.