UNASSIGNED: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a routinely used imaging modality for pre-treatment radiologic evaluation of tongue carcinoma, providing accurate information regarding the extent of the disease.
UNASSIGNED: To investigate the role of MRI-derived depth of invasion and tumor thickness evaluation in squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue, and to assess if any correlation exists between depth of invasion, tumor thickness, nodal metastasis, muscles, and space involved.
UNASSIGNED: Thirty-three patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue who had undergone pre-treatment MRI and excisional biopsy were included. The tumor thickness (TT) and depth of invasion (DOI) were evaluated on MRI and histopathologic images.
UNASSIGNED: The relation between different methodologies for assessing showed a very high correlation for the tumor tissue thickness (r = 0.99, p < 0.05) and depth of invasion (r = 0.82, p < 0.05). The tumor thickness and the depth of invasion increased with the loss of differentiation in the carcinoma histopathologically. As the depth of invasion increases, the extent of the spread of the carcinoma to tongue musculature, lingual septum, and spaces also increases.
UNASSIGNED: The present study has depicted a high correlation between the tumor thickness and the depth of invasion between MRI and histopathological findings and is the first of its kind to correlate DOI to the invasiveness of the disease.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to clarify the accuracy of intraoral ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in preoperative image depth of invasion (DOI) measurement of T1/T2 tongue cancer through comparison with histopathological measurements.
METHODS: Imaging of the primary lesions was performed at our hospital; the lesions were classified into T1 and T2 based on the 8th edition of the AJCC/UICC, and surgery performed. There was histopathological confirmation of lesions as squamous cell carcinoma in 48 patients with tongue cancer. T3 and T4 cases, cases in which preoperative chemotherapy and radiation therapy were performed, and cases where biopsy was performed before imaging were excluded. The radiological DOI in US, CT, and MRI and the histopathological DOI as base were comparatively investigated and statistical analyses were performed by Bland-Altman analysis and Spearman\'s rank correlation coefficient.
RESULTS: Bland-Altman analysis showed that the US radiological DOI was overestimated by an average of 0.2 mm compared to the histopathological DOI, while CT and MRI radiological DOI were overestimated by an average of 2-3 mm. The comparison of CT and MRI revealed that the difference between the MRI and histopathological DOI, as well as the 95% limit of agreement, were smaller than those of the CT radiological DOI.
CONCLUSIONS: US is the most accurate preoperative diagnostic tool for T1 and T2 squamous cell carcinoma; CT and MRI tend to have an overestimation of about 2-3 mm and so caution is required.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to prepare docetaxel (DOC)-loaded multifunctional nanoparticles containing indocyanine green (ICG) and perfluorohexane (PFH) as targeted drug delivery system, which is supplemented with stromal cellderived factor-1 (SDF-1), and characterize their properties.
METHODS: Multifunctional nanoparticles were prepared by using the double emulsion method. SDF-1 was covalently conjugated to the surface of the nanoparticles through thioether bonding. Their particle size, distribution, and surface potential were determined with the Malvern measuring instrument. The conjugation of SDF-1 was evaluated by confocal laser scanning microscope. Encapsulation efficiency (ELC), drug loading capacity (DLC), and release regularity of the nanoparticles were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In vitro photothermal property was recorded by a thermal imager. The in vitro imaging capacity was observed by a photoacoustic instrument and an ultrasonic diagnostic apparatus. Targeting capability was assessed by flow cytometry. The cell activity on SCC-15 cells was checked by CCK-8 method.
RESULTS: The targeted multifunctional nanoparticles showed regularly sphericity. The diameter was (502.88±17.92) nm. The zeta potential was (-11.5±3.15) mV. ELC was 54.12%±1.74%. DLC was 1.08 mg·mL-1. In vitro drug release was initially fast and subsequently slow. The photothermal characteristics were related to the concentration; the higher the concentration, the higher the temperature. Nanoparticles could detect significant photoacoustic and ultrasound signals. The in vitro targeting rate was 89.99%. No significant differences of cell viability in the SINPs groups were observed at each concentration (P>0.05). The inhibition effect of DOC-SINPs was stronger than that of SINPs whether or not in the presence of laser irradiation among the groups of 150 and 200 μg·mL-1 (P<
0.05).
CONCLUSIONS: Multifunctional nanoparticles for diagnosis and treatment were successfully prepared and displayed dualmode ultrasound/photoacoustic imaging and antitumor effects of chemotherapy and photothermal therapy.
目的 制备一种基质细胞衍生因子-1（SDF-1）修饰的载多西紫杉醇（DOC）包裹吲哚菁绿（ICG）和液态氟碳全氟己烷（PFH）靶向多功能纳米粒（DOC-SINPs），检测其性质。方法 双乳化法制备纳米粒，硫醚键连接SDF-1，得到靶向纳米粒。Malvern粒径仪检测其粒径及表面电位，激光扫描共聚焦显微镜观察SDF-1在纳米粒表面的连接情况，高效液相色谱法（HPLC）测定其DOC包封率（ELC）和载药量（DLC）及体外释放规律，热成像仪记录其体外光热特性，光声仪及超声诊断仪观察其体外显像，流式细胞仪评估其体外靶向能力，CCK-8法检查其对舌癌SCC-15细胞活力的影响。结果 靶向多功能纳米粒形态规则，呈球状。平均粒径（502.88±17.92） nm，平均电位（-11.5±3.15） mV。平均ELC为54.12%±1.74%，平均DLC为1.08 mg·mL-1。体外药物释放规律呈初期爆发性释放，接着是持续缓慢释放。其光热特性呈浓度相关，浓度越高温度越高。纳米粒可检测到明显光声信号和超声信号。体外靶向连接率89.99%。细胞活性实验结果表明，SINPs组在各个浓度下细胞活性无明显差异（P>0.05）。在浓度为150、200 μg·mL-1时，DOC-SINPs无论有无激光辐照均较SINPs有明显的细胞活性抑制（P<0.05）。结论 成功制备了集诊断与治疗一体的多功能纳米粒，具有超声/光声双模成像，同时具备化疗和光热治疗的抗肿瘤作用。.

OBJECTIVE: Reliable prognostic markers are lacking for tongue carcinoma. C-reactive protein (CRP) and a ratio from neutrophils/lymphocytes (NLR) are biomarkers, associated with prognosis in solid cancers. Aim of this work was to investigate the role of CRP and NLR in prognosis of patients with tongue carcinoma.
METHODS: Retrospective cohort study.
METHODS: We retrospectively analysed data of patients treated for tongue carcinoma at our institution. Levels of CRP, Neutrophils and Lymphocytes were measured pretherapeutic.
METHODS: 197 patients treated for squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue between 2002 and 2015.
METHODS: Overall survival, disease-free survival.
RESULTS: Elevated CRP was significantly associated with shorter overall survival in our cohort in uni- and multivariate analysis. NLR was not associated with prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS: In the present study we could confirm the role of CRP as an independent prognostic marker in patients with tongue carcinoma. Incorporating this marker in prognostication could represent a valuable and moreover inexpensive tool for improved decisions making concerning therapy in the future.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was to determine the frequency and distribution of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) involving tongue among patients by studying biopsy specimens obtained from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere, Karnataka, India, during the past 13 years.
METHODS: Data for the study were retrieved from the case records of patients. Analyzed clinical variables included age, sex, anatomical site, and histological diagnosis.
RESULTS: Of the 369 squamous cell carcinoma involving head and neck region, we found 52 biopsies reported exclusively involving tongue. Lateral border of the tongue was most commonly involved (43 cases, 82.7%), followed by base of tongue and posterior part of tongue. The patient were affected over a wide range of 27-80 years with mean age of 55.75 years and peak incidence was seen in the fourth and fifth decades of life, with the male: female ratio of 1.7:1.
CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence rate of OSCC involving tongue showed a definite geographic variation when compared with a study done in other parts of the world.

BACKGROUND: Angiogenin (ANG) is a member of the ribonuclease superfamily and of medical interest largely because it supports the growth of primary and metastatic malignancies. This study is the first to investigate the potential role of ANG in tongue carcinoma neo-angiogenesis and cancer cell proliferation.
METHODS: Angiogenin expression (in carcinoma cells and endothelial intratumor vessel cells), CD105-assessed micro-vessel density (MVD), and MIB-1 expression were correlated with prognostic parameters in 28 primarily consecutively operated pT1-T2 tongue carcinomas (squamous cell carcinoma [SCC]). Whenever feasible, a computer-based image analysis system was used for the immunohistochemical reaction analysis.
RESULTS: No significant correlations emerged between ANG expression in the tongue carcinoma cells or endothelial intratumor vessel cells and tongue SCC recurrence rate or disease-free survival (DFS). ANG expression was also unrelated to CD105-assessed MVD or MIB-1 expression. Conversely, CD105-assessed MVD correlated directly with recurrence rate (P = 0.02) and DFS was significantly shorter in cases with CD105-assessed MVD >167 micro-vessels/mm(2) than in those with CD105-assessed MVD ≤167 micro-vessels/mm(2) (P = 0.042).
CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the hypothesis that CD105-assessed MVD would be a valuable parameter for predicting which patients with tongue SCC are at greatest risk of disease recurrence. Despite our study results, the role of ANG in tongue carcinoma warrants further investigation in larger series.