评估尺度形态变异性(形状,尺寸,拓扑宏观和微观结构,鲤鱼的装饰图案),选择了Garra属的9种,并使用光学和扫描电子显微镜研究了它们来自五个不同身体区域的尺度。被检查物种的尺度很薄,焦点位于中央或中央,后部没有cteni。除了这些典型的特征,在整体形状中观察到一些形态变化(不规则圆形,真正的椭圆形,圆形三角形,不规则的五边形,六边形,不规则六边形,五边形,卵形),和焦点形状。这些变化主要取决于鱼的长度和侧翼区域。形态学分析将检查的物种分为两个不同的组。第一组由G.amirhosseini和G.gynotorax组成,而第二组有三个子组,其中包括G.persica和G.mondica(I亚组),G.meymehensis,G.Rossica,G.nudiventris,G.hormuzensis(亚组II),和G.rufa(第三组)。根据当前的尺度形态特征和分子数据对所研究的Garra物种进行分组仅与G.rossica和G.nudiventris一致。此外,在系统发育树中,G.Persica,G.Mondica,G.Amirhosseini,和G.hormuzensis形成了一个独特的进化枝。然而,在从鳞片形态学获得的树状图中,这些物种并不代表密切关系。为什么根据其鳞片形态特征对所研究的Garra物种进行分组与它们的系统发育关系不匹配的一个可能解释是,大多数鳞片形态特征取决于鱼类的大小和鳞片在侧翼的位置。因此,除了一些特质,也就是说,中央或前中央定位的焦点,没有cteni,一种特定的分段形式,称为“四分段”类型,其他检查的变量不足以用于检查的鲤鱼的分类学研究。因此,尺度形态特征应谨慎用于分类学目的。研究重点:形状,尺寸,拓扑宏观和微观结构,利用光学和扫描电子显微镜研究了加拉属9种的装饰模式。鳞片很薄,有中央或中央定位的焦点,后部没有cteni。在整体形状(不规则圆形,真正的椭圆形,圆形三角形,不规则的五边形,六边形,不规则六边形,五边形,和卵形),和焦点形状。根据当前尺度形态特征和分子数据对Garra物种的分组仅与G.rossica和G.nudiventris一致。
To evaluate scale morphological variability (shape, size, topological macro- and microstructures, ornamentation patterns) of cyprinid fishes, nine species of the genus Garra were selected and their scales from five different body regions were studied by using light and scanning electron microscopy. The scales of the examined species were thin with a central or antero-centrally positioned focus, with no cteni in the posterior part. In addition to these typical characteristics, some morphological variation was observed in the overall shape (irregular round, true oval, round-triangular, irregular pentagonal, hexagonal, irregular hexagonal, pentagonal, ovoid), and the focus shape. These variations were mainly dependent on the fish lengths and the flank region. Morphological analysis clustered the examined species into two distinct groups. Group I consisted of G. amirhosseini and G. gymnothorax, while Group II has three subgroups, which include G. persica and G. mondica (subgroup I), G. meymehensis, G. rossica, G. nudiventris, G. hormuzensis (subgroup II), and G. rufa (subgroup III). The grouping of the studied Garra species based on the current scale morphological characters and the molecular data was only consistent for G. rossica and G. nudiventris. In addition, in the phylogenetic tree, G. persica, G. mondica, G. amirhosseini, and G. hormuzensis formed a distinct clade. However, these species did not represent close relationships in the dendrogram obtained from the scale morphology. A possible explanation why the grouping of the studied Garra species based on their scale morphological characters does not match their phylogenetic relationships is that most of the scale morphological traits vary depending on the fish size and the location of the scales on the flank. Therefore, except for some traits, that is, central or antero-centrally positioned focus, having no cteni, a specific sectioned form so called \"tetra-sectioned\" type, the other examined variables are not useful enough to be used in the taxonomic
study of the examined cyprinid fishes. Therefore, scale morphological characters should be used carefully for taxonomic purposes. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Shape, size, topological macro- and microstructures, and ornamentation patterns of nine species of the genus Garra were studied by using light and scanning electron microscopy. The scales were thin with a central or antero-centrally positioned focus, with no cteni in the posterior part. Morphological variation was observed in the overall shape (irregular round, true oval, round-triangular, irregular pentagonal, hexagonal, irregular hexagonal, pentagonal, and ovoid), and the focus shape. The grouping of Garra species based on the current scale morphological characters and the molecular data was only consistent for G. rossica and G. nudiventris.