毫无疑问,纳米粒子是实现生物传感相关挑战的理想选择之一,药物输送,和生物技术工具。在生物医学研究取得成功后,科学家们正在探索各种类型的纳米粒子,以实现可持续农业。活性纳米颗粒可用作微量营养素的直接来源或用作递送生物活性农用化学品以改善作物生长的递送平台。作物产量,和作物质量。直到日期,已经发表了一些报告,显示纳米技术在农业中的应用。例如,已经采用了几种方法来应用纳米颗粒;特别是金属纳米颗粒来改善农业。纳米粒子的物理化学性质,如用于合成纳米粒子的核心金属,它们的大小,形状,表面化学,和表面涂层影响作物,土壤健康,与作物相关的生态系统。因此,选择具有适当物理化学性质的纳米颗粒并通过合适的方法将其应用于农业是实现可持续农业和改善植物性能的明智选择。在提交的审查中,我们已经比较了纳米颗粒在植物中应用的各种方法,并批判性地解释了显著的差异,以找出相对安全和具体的可持续农业实践的方法。Further,我们批判性地分析和讨论了纳米粒子的不同物理化学性质,这些性质在纳米安全性和纳米毒性方面对植物有直接影响。从文献综述来看,我们想指出,通过种子引发和叶面喷雾方法在低浓度实施较小尺寸的金属纳米颗粒可能是最小化纳米毒性的更安全的方法,并在胁迫和非胁迫条件下表现出更好的植物性能。此外,使用纳米材料输送生物活性农用化学品可以作为传统化肥的智能替代品,在可持续农业中实现更安全和更清洁的技术。在回顾所有可用文献的同时,我们遇到了一些严重的缺点,例如缺乏适当的监管机构来控制纳米材料的使用,以及对生态系统的长期影响知之甚少,这些问题需要在不久的将来解决,以便全面了解绿色纳米技术在农业中的适用性。
Undoubtedly, nanoparticles are one of the ideal choices for achieving challenges related to bio sensing, drug delivery, and biotechnological tools. After gaining success in biomedical research, scientists are exploring various types of nanoparticles for achieving sustainable agriculture. The active nanoparticles can be used as a direct source of micronutrients or as a delivery platform for delivering the bioactive agrochemicals to improve crop growth, crop yield, and crop quality. Till date, several reports have been published showing applications of nanotechnology in agriculture. For instance, several methods have been employed for application of nanoparticles; especially metal nanoparticles to improve agriculture. The physicochemical properties of nanoparticles such as core metal used to synthesize the nanoparticles, their size, shape, surface chemistry, and surface coatings affect crops, soil health, and crop-associated ecosystem. Therefore, selecting nanoparticles with appropriate physicochemical properties and applying them to agriculture via suitable method stands as smart option to achieve sustainable agriculture and improved plant performance. In presented
review, we have compared various methods of nanoparticle application in plants and critically interpreted the significant differences to find out relatively safe and specific method for sustainable agricultural practice. Further, we have critically analyzed and discussed the different physicochemical properties of nanoparticles that have direct influence on plants in terms of nano safety and nanotoxicity. From literature
review, we would like to point out that the implementation of smaller sized metal nanoparticles in low concentration via seed priming and foliar spray methods could be safer method for minimizing nanotoxicity, and for exhibiting better plant performance during stress and non-stressed conditions. Moreover, using nanomaterials for delivery of bioactive agrochemicals could pose as a smart alternative for conventional chemical fertilizers for achieving the safer and cleaner technology in sustainable agriculture. While reviewing all the available literature, we came across some serious drawbacks such as the lack of proper regulatory bodies to control the usage of nanomaterials and poor knowledge of the long-term impact on the ecosystem which need to be addressed in near future for comprehensive knowledge of applicability of green nanotechnology in agriculture.