背景:据报道,猫免疫缺陷病毒(FIV)和猫白血病病毒(FeLV)具有相似的风险因素,并且类似的建议适用于管理感染的猫。然而,关于通常报告的危险因素,文献中存在一些相反的证据。在这项研究中,我们调查了FIV和FeLV感染的已知危险因素对两种感染的影响是否更强.该回顾性研究包括来自美国和加拿大的696只FIV血清阳性的猫和593只FeLV血清阳性的猫的样品。数据是在两项横断面研究中收集的,其中使用IDEXXFIV/FeLVELISA试剂盒测试猫。为了比较FIV感染的已知危险因素与FeLV的影响,使用案例研究设计,随机截距逻辑回归模型是合适的,包括猫的年龄,性别,中性状态,户外暴露,健康状况和测试设施类型作为独立变量。包括测试设施的随机截获,以说明各个诊所和庇护所的测试实践中预期的聚类。
结果:在多变量随机截距模型中,FIV与FeLV阳性ELISA结果相比,成年人的FIV几率更大(OR=2.09,CI:1.50-2.92),完整的男性(OR=3.14,CI:1.85-3.76),中性男性(OR=2.68,CI:1.44-3.14),有室外通道的猫(OR=2.58,CI:1.85-3.76),而有临床疾病的猫则较低(OR=0.60,95%CI:0.52-0.90)。从模型获得的方差分量指示在测试设施级别的聚类。
结论:对FIV血清阳性有较大影响的危险因素包括成年期,是男性(绝育与否)并且可以进入户外,而临床疾病是FeLV血清阳性的更强预测因子。需要进一步的研究来评估这些结果对这些感染的管理和控制的影响。
BACKGROUND: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are reported to have similar risk factors and similar recommendations apply to manage infected cats. However, some contrasting evidence exists in the literature with regard to commonly reported risk factors. In this study, we investigated whether the known risk factors for FIV and FeLV infections have a stronger effect for either infection. This retrospective study included samples from 696 cats seropositive for FIV and 593 cats seropositive for FeLV from the United States and Canada. Data were collected during two cross sectional studies, where cats were tested using IDEXX FIV/FeLV ELISA kits. To compare the effect of known risk factors for FIV infection compared to FeLV, using a
case-
case study design, random intercept logistic regression models were fit including cats\' age, sex, neuter status, outdoor exposure, health status and type of testing facility as independent variables. A random intercept for testing facility was included to account for clustering expected in testing practices at the individual clinics and shelters.
RESULTS: In the multivariable random intercept model, the odds of FIV compared to FeLV positive ELISA results were greater for adults (OR = 2.09, CI: 1.50-2.92), intact males (OR = 3.14, CI: 1.85-3.76), neutered males (OR = 2.68, CI: 1.44- 3.14), cats with outdoor access (OR = 2.58, CI: 1.85-3.76) and lower for cats with clinical illness (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.52-0.90). The variance components obtained from the model indicated clustering at the testing facility level.
CONCLUSIONS: Risk factors that have a greater effect on FIV seropositivity include adulthood, being male (neutered or not) and having access to outdoors, while clinical illness was a stronger predictor for FeLV seropositivity. Further studies are warranted to assess the implications of these results for the management and control of these infections.