猫白血病病毒(FeLV)和猫免疫缺陷病毒(FIV)感染在全世界的猫中发现。两种感染都与各种临床症状相关,并可能影响生活质量和寿命。
本文件是2008年美国猫科动物协会猫科动物逆转录病毒管理指南的更新,代表了目前对发病机理的认识,诊断,预防和治疗猫的逆转录病毒感染。
尽管许多国家都有FeLV疫苗,一些国家也有FIV疫苗,识别被感染的猫仍然是预防新感染的重要因素。应该知道每只有感染风险的猫的逆转录病毒状态。猫被收购后应尽快进行测试,暴露于感染的猫或未知感染状态的猫后,在接种FeLV或FIV之前,每当临床疾病发生时。可能无法根据单个时间点的测试来确定猫的感染状态;可能需要使用不同的方法进行重复测试。虽然FeLV和FIV感染可能与临床疾病相关,一些被感染的猫,尤其是那些感染了FIV的人,可以生活多年,生活质量很好。
对感染猫的治疗方法进行评估的数据很少,尤其是抗逆转录病毒和免疫调节药物。感染猫的管理集中在有效的预防性保健策略上,及时识别和治疗疾病,以及限制感染的传播。
Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infections are found in cats worldwide. Both infections are associated with a variety of clinical signs and can impact quality of life and longevity.
This document is an update of the 2008 American Association of Feline Practitioners\' feline retrovirus management
guidelines and represents current knowledge on pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of retrovirus infections in cats.
Although vaccines are available for FeLV in many countries and for FIV in some countries, identification of infected cats remains an important factor for preventing new infections. The retrovirus status of every cat at risk of infection should be known. Cats should be tested as soon as possible after they are acquired, following exposure to an infected cat or a cat of unknown infection status, prior to vaccination against FeLV or FIV, and whenever clinical illness occurs. It might not be possible to determine a cat\'s infection status based on testing at a single point in time; repeat testing using different methods could be required. Although FeLV and FIV infections can be associated with clinical disease, some infected cats, especially those infected with FIV, can live for many years with good quality of life.
There is a paucity of data evaluating treatments for infected cats, especially antiretroviral and immunomodulatory drugs. Management of infected cats is focused on effective preventive healthcare strategies, and prompt identification and treatment of illness, as well as limiting the spread of infection.