这是关于东地中海地区婴幼儿饮食摄入量的第一项研究,一个目前正在经历营养转型的地区。它旨在描述黎巴嫩0-4岁儿童的食物消费模式,评估他们的大量和微量营养素摄入量,并评估对饮食建议的依从性。
根据2012年的全国横断面调查(n=866),这项研究收集了社会人口统计学和人体测量特征的数据,并进行了一次24小时饮食召回。将营养素摄入量与参考值进行比较:估计平均需要量(EAR),充足摄入量(AI)和可接受的常量营养素分布范围(AMDR)。
牛奶是婴儿能量摄入(EI)的最高贡献者(在0-5.9个月和6-11.9个月的婴儿中分别为95.8和56.5%,分别),虽然幼儿和学龄前儿童的摄入量较低(35.4%和15.1%,分别)。相比之下,与幼儿相比,学龄前儿童的甜食和甜味饮料摄入量最高,在学龄前儿童中贡献18.5%的EI。与饮食指南相比,饮食依从性最低的是蔬菜(17.8-20.7%)和水果(14.4-34.3%)。蛋白质摄入量在绝大多数儿童的建议范围内。尽管与婴儿相比,幼儿和学龄前儿童的总脂肪摄入量较低,超过40%的幼儿和学龄前儿童的脂肪超过AMDR,87.3%的学龄前儿童的饱和脂肪超过上限.只有3.6%的幼儿和11.5%的学龄前儿童超过膳食纤维的AI水平。微量营养素摄入量评估显示,婴儿的平均摄入量超过了所有微量营养素的AI,除了维生素D和镁.在幼儿中,维生素D和钙低于EAR,分别为84.7%和44.6%,分别。在学龄前儿童中,大多数儿童(91.9%)维生素D摄入不足,三分之一的人叶酸摄入量不足,
这项研究确定了黎巴嫩婴幼儿营养干预的优先问题。需要多方利益攸关方共同努力,在生命早期灌输更健康的食物消费和营养摄入模式。
This is the first study on dietary intakes of infants and young children in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, a region that is currently witnessing the nutrition transition. It aims at characterizing food consumption patterns amongst 0-4 year old children in Lebanon, evaluating their macro- and micronutrient intakes and assessing adherence to dietary recommendations.
Based on a national cross-sectional survey in 2012 (n = 866), the study collected data on sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, and one 24-hour dietary recall was administered. Nutrient intakes were compared with reference values: Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Adequate Intake (AI) and Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR).
Milk was the highest contributor to energy intake (EI) in infants (95.8 and 56.5% in 0-5.9 months and 6-11.9 months old infants, respectively), while its intake was lower among toddlers and preschoolers (35.4 and 15.1%, respectively). In contrast, intakes of sweets and sweetened beverages were the highest in preschoolers compared to younger children, contributing 18.5% EI in preschoolers. Compared to dietary guidelines, the lowest dietary adherence was found for vegetables (17.8-20.7%) and fruits (14.4-34.3%). Protein intake was within the recommendations for the vast majority of children. Although total fat intake was lower in toddlers and preschoolers compared to infants, more than 40% of toddlers and preschoolers exceeded the AMDR for fat and 87.3% of preschoolers exceeded the upper limit for saturated fat. Only 3.6% of toddlers and 11.5% of preschoolers exceeded the AI level for dietary fiber. Micronutrient intake assessment showed that mean intakes in infants exceeded the AI for all micronutrients, except for vitamin D and magnesium. In toddlers, vitamin D and calcium were below the EAR among 84.7, and 44.6%, respectively. In preschoolers, most of the children (91.9%) had inadequate intakes of vitamin D, and a third had inadequate intakes of folate, calcium and vitamin A.
This study identified priority issues for nutrition intervention in infants and young children in Lebanon. Concerted multi-stakeholder efforts are needed to instill heathier food consumption and nutrient intake patterns early in life.