分散代表了一个关键的生活史特征,对生物体的适应性有几个影响,人口动态和复原力,本地适应,元种群动态,范围移位,和生物入侵。在过去的几十年中,昆虫学对分散性状的可塑性和进化变化进行了深入研究,特别是在有文献综述的翼二形昆虫中。重要的是,扩散多态性也存在于单形和无翼昆虫中,除了蝴蝶,可用的综合较少。从这个角度来看,通过整合快速发展的昆虫传播生态学领域的最新研究,这篇综述文章概述了我们目前对昆虫扩散多态性的认识。在第一部分,介绍了一些最常用的实验方法,用于分离单形和无翼昆虫中的扩散器和居民。然后,合成了有关常驻表型和分散表型之间形态和生活史性状差异的现有知识。在最后一部分,研究了范围扩展对分散性状和性能的影响,特别是对于范围边缘和入侵前沿的昆虫。最后,综述的最后一部分提出了一些研究观点。
Dispersal represents a key life-history trait with several implications for the fitness of organisms, population dynamics and resilience, local adaptation, meta-population dynamics, range shifting, and biological invasions. Plastic and evolutionary changes of dispersal traits have been intensively studied over the past decades in entomology, in particular in wing-dimorphic insects for which literature reviews are available. Importantly, dispersal polymorphism also exists in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects, and except for butterflies, fewer syntheses are available. In this perspective, by integrating the very latest research in the fast moving field of insect dispersal ecology, this
review article provides an overview of our current knowledge of dispersal polymorphism in insects. In a first part, some of the most often used experimental methodologies for the separation of dispersers and residents in wing-monomorphic and wingless insects are presented. Then, the existing knowledge on the morphological and life-history trait differences between resident and disperser phenotypes is synthetized. In a last part, the effects of range expansion on dispersal traits and performance is examined, in particular for insects from range edges and invasion fronts. Finally, some research perspectives are proposed in the last part of the
review.