本文探讨了行为和运输规划文献中的关键假设,当人们更频繁地使用交通系统时,他们在决策中对公交地图的依赖程度降低,对公交地图的敏感性降低。因此,根据这个假设,与首次或新乘客相比,地图更改对频繁乘客的旅行决定的影响要小得多。这一假设——尽管从未经过经验验证——一直是公交地图成为改变乘客行为的规划工具的主要障碍。本文以华盛顿特区地铁地图为例,通过在七个地铁地图设计上的30个起点-目的地(O-D)对之间进行路线选择实验,研究了这一假设。该实验针对两种类型的乘客:经常乘坐地铁的乘客在DC地铁站的免费日报上刊登广告,和华盛顿都市区的普通居民通过亚马逊机械土耳其人,在线众包平台。共有255和371名参与者在各自的实验中进行了2024和2960条路线选择。结果表明,与不太可能熟悉地铁地图的普通居民相比,经常乘客实际上对地图设计的细微变化更敏感,因此不受替代设计中呈现的地图变化的影响。这项工作反驳了上述假设,并进一步验证了地铁地图作为运输系统中有效的规划工具。
This paper addresses the key assumption in behavioral and transportation planning literature that, when people use a transit system more frequently, they become less dependent on and less sensitive to transit maps in their decision-making. Therefore, according to this assumption, map changes are much less impactful to travel decisions of frequent riders than to that of first-time or new passengers. This assumption-though never empirically validated-has been the major hurdle for transit maps to becoming a planning tool to change passengers\' behavior. This paper examines this assumption using the Washington DC metro map as a
case study by conducting a route choice experiment between 30 Origin-Destination (O-D) pairs on seven metro map designs. The experiment targets two types of passengers: frequent metro riders through advertisements on a free daily newspaper available at DC metro stations, and general residents in the Washington metropolitan area through Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing platform. A total of 255 and 371 participants made 2024 and 2960 route choices in the respective experiments. The results show that frequent passengers are in fact more sensitive to subtle changes in map design than general residents who are less likely to be familiar with the metro map and therefore unaffected by map changes presented in the alternative designs. The work disproves the aforementioned assumption and further validates metro maps as an effective planning tool in transit systems.