BACKGROUND: Women with previous pregnancy-related cardiovascular risk indicators, including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), have an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although CVD screening and preventive care beginning in the early postpartum period are recommended, certain barriers limit access to such services. We plan to conduct a scoping review of the literature to explore and summarise evidence on the barriers and facilitators of postpartum CVD preventive services in women with a history of GDM and HDP.
METHODS: This scoping review will be conducted in line with the Arksey and O\'Malley\'s (2005) methodological framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for conducting a systematic scoping review and will follow the Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and the Coordinating Centre at the Institute of Education guidelines. The review results will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist. We will search the following databases: Medline, Embase and CINAHL. We will conduct grey literature searches for registered dissertations and theses. Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be kept broad. Qualitative and quantitative studies published in English or French that investigated and reported percieved barriers or facilitators to postpartum CVD screening and preventive care among women with previous GDM and HDP will be included. Individual, interpersonal, organizational, and system level factors will be reported. Qualitative findings will be summarised narratively, and quantitative findings will be absorbed within the themes using the multisource synthesis method.
BACKGROUND: This review represents one objective of a larger project that was reviewed by the Ottawa Health Sciences Network Research Ethics Board (QI-184). We will disseminate knowledge emanating from this review through open-access publication, presentation/public forums on women\'s cardiovascular health, women\'s CVD prevention forums and social media. We will also present the findings of this review at the annual meeting of the Canadian Women\'s Heart Health Alliance.

BACKGROUND: Despite 2 decades of cancer survivorship research, policy, and advocacy, primary care in the United States has not fully integrated survivorship care into its generalist role. This manuscript describes innovative roles primary care physicians have adopted in survivorship care and how these roles emerged.
METHODS: We conducted qualitative in-depth interviews with a snowball sample of 10 US primary care physician innovators in survivorship care. Interviews were recorded and professionally transcribed. Our team met weekly as interviews were completed to review transcripts and write summaries. We analyzed data using an immersion-crystallization process.
RESULTS: Innovators did not receive formal survivorship training but gained knowledge experientially and through self-guided education. All worked in academic primary care and/or cancer centers; context strongly influenced role operationalization. We delineated 4 major role-types along a spectrum, with primary care generalist orientations at one end and cancer generalist orientations at the other. Primary care generalists applied survivorship guidelines during regular visits (\"GENERALISTS+\") or focused on cancer treatment effects amid other comorbidities during blocked clinic time (\"oncoGENERALISTS\"). Cancer generalists focused on cancer-related sequalae during and after treatment; some provided continuity care to survivors (\"ONCOGENERALISTS\"), while others incorporated unmet primary care needs into survivorship consults (\"ONCOgeneralists\").
CONCLUSIONS: Primary care survivorship innovations are occurring in academic primary care and cancer centers settings in the US. To move beyond the work of individual innovators, systematic investments are needed to support adoption of such innovations. For wider diffusion of survivorship care into community primary care, additional strategies that include primary care survivorship education and workforce development are needed to facilitate risk-stratified and shared-care models.

BACKGROUND: Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) interfere with hormonal systems, potentially causing metabolic, reproductive, and neurological issues, as well as hormone-related cancers. Found in everyday products, EDCs accumulate in body tissues over time, with adverse effects depending on the dose and duration of exposure. This study aims to explore behaviors related to EDC exposure among Saudi citizens to assess the need for further risk reduction interventions.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study employed a validated, self-administered online questionnaire to assess daily life behaviors associated with EDC exposure. A total of 563 participants were recruited using convenient sampling through online platforms.
RESULTS: The study revealed that a significant majority of participants were aged 18-25 years (48.67%, n=274). On average, participants scored 32.78 out of a maximum of 60 for potential EDC exposure, with scores ranging from 13 to 54 points. The majority (85.26%, n=480) fell into the moderate potential exposure category, while a small minority (4.26%, n=24) exhibited high potential risk based on their reported daily habits, predominantly among male participants (95.83%, n=23). A significant majority (72.65%, n=409) indicated a likelihood of adopting lifestyle changes to reduce exposure to harmful substances.
CONCLUSIONS: This study reveals diverse behavioral patterns linked to endocrine disruptor exposure among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Interestingly, the participants showed a positive attitude and willingness to change their risky behaviors. These findings underscore the necessity for educational programs and public health campaigns aimed at addressing gaps in knowledge. Encouraging the public to adopt behaviors that reduce exposure is essential to minimizing the potential long-term effects of EDCs.

The prevalence and severity of baseball-related injuries in the youth athlete population continue to escalate, despite efforts by health care professionals and sports organizations to quell this trend. This article reviews current research that has investigated the risk factors and possible prevention strategies for the most common injuries in young baseball players, including strengthening programs, pitch count guidelines, and throwing analysis.

Negative past experiences with vaccines or unfamiliar environments can be sources of stress during the COVID-19 vaccination procedure. We examined whether the perceived stressfulness of the vaccination procedure differ between mass vaccination centers and general practitioner (GP) practices. A survey was distributed (07/2021-10/2021) among newly vaccinated individuals in ten GP practices (n = 364) and two vaccine centers (n = 474). Stress was low at all sites. The perceived stressfulness of the procedure was higher among younger participants and those in GP practices, and increased with longer waiting time at the site. Stress decreased with better comprehensibility of the procedure and higher satisfaction with patient education. Participants who expressed greater concern about the health risks of COVID-19 vaccines perceived the vaccination procedure as more stressful. Our findings indicate opportunities for improvements in future vaccination campaigns and highlight the important role of healthcare providers in mitigating stress by addressing individual concerns.

BACKGROUND: Public long-term care insurance (LTCI) systems can promote equal and wider access to quality long-term care. However, ensuring the financial sustainability is challenging owing to growing care demand related to population aging. To control growing demand, Japan\'s public LTCI system uniquely provided home- and community-based prevention services for functional dependency for older people (ie, adult day care, nursing care, home care, functional screening, functional training, health education, and support for social activities), following nationwide protocols with decentralized delivery from 2006 until 2015. However, evaluations of the effects of these services have been inconclusive.
METHODS: We estimated the marginal gain and technical efficiency of local prevention services using 2009-2014 panel data for 474 local public insurers in Japan, based on stochastic frontier analysis. The outcome was the transformed sex-and age-adjusted ratio of the observed to expected number of individuals aged ≥65 years certified for moderate care. Higher outcome values indicate lower population risk of moderate functional dependency in each region in each year. The marginal gains of the provided quantities of prevention services as explanatory variables were estimated, adjusting for regional medical and welfare access, care demand and supply, and other regional factors as covariates.
RESULTS: Prevention services (except functional screening) significantly reduced the population risk of moderate functional dependency. Specifically, the mean changes in outcome per 1% increase in adult day care, other nursing care, and home care were 0.13%, 0.07%, and 0.04%, respectively. The median technical efficiency of local public insurers was 0.94 (interquartile range: 0.89-0.99).
CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that population-based services with decentralized local operation following standardized protocols could achieve efficient prevention across regions. This study could inform current discussions about the range of benefit coverage in public LTCI systems by presenting a useful option for the provision of preventive benefits.

UNASSIGNED: Although vaccination confidence is declining globally, there is little detailed information from low- and middle-income countries about factors influencing routine vaccination behavior in these contexts.
UNASSIGNED: In mid-2022, we surveyed people who gave birth in Kenya between 2017-2022, and asked them about their children\'s vaccination history and about hypothesized correlates of vaccination per the Behavioural and Social Drivers of Vaccination model.
UNASSIGNED: Of 873 children in this sample, 117 (13%) were under-vaccinated (i.e., delayed or missing vaccine dose(s)) - and under-vaccination was more common among births during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2022) versus pre-pandemic (2017-2019). In multi-level multivariable models, children of respondents who expressed concerns about serious side effects from vaccines had significantly higher odds of missed vaccine dose(s) (aOR 2.06, 95 % CI 1.14-3.72), and there was a strong association between having more safety concerns now versus before the COVID-19 pandemic (aOR missed dose(s) 4.44, 95 % CI 1.71-11.51; aOR under-vaccination 3.03, 95 % CI 1.28-7.19). People with greater trust in health workers had lower odds of having a child with missed vaccine dose(s) (aOR 0.85, 95 % CI 0.75-0.97). People who reported higher patient-centered quality of vaccination care had much lower odds of having children with delayed or missed vaccine dose(s) (aOR missed dose(s) 0.14, 95 % CI 0.04-0.58; aOR under-vaccination 0.27, 95 % CI 0.10-0.79).
UNASSIGNED: These findings highlight potential strategies to improve vaccine coverage: greater focus on patient-centered quality of care, training healthcare workers on how to address safety concerns about vaccines, and building trust in the health care system and in health workers.

UNASSIGNED: To characterize the impact of rural patients\' travel time to obtain healthcare on their reported utilization of preventive healthcare services and personal health outcomes.
UNASSIGNED: Online survey data from rural adults ages 50+ years living in the Northeastern United States were collected from February to August 2021. Study measures included self-reported travel time to obtain healthcare, use of preventive healthcare, and health outcomes. The associations between travel time with use of preventive care and health outcomes were assessed using linear, Poisson, and logistic regression analyses controlling for demographic variables.
UNASSIGNED: Our study population included 1052 rural adults, with a mean travel time of 18.5 min (range: 0-60). Travel time was greater for racial/ethnic minority participants and for higher-income participants (both P < .05), but it was not associated with use of preventive healthcare. Greater travel time was associated with poorer mental health and more comorbidities, including cancer and diabetes (all P < .05).
UNASSIGNED: Travel time varied by patient demographic factors, and it was associated with mental health and comorbidities. There was no association between travel time and preventive care use, suggesting that other barriers likely contribute to suboptimal use of these services within rural communities. Further research is needed to elucidate the causal pathways linking travel time to mental health and comorbidities within rural communities, as increased travel may exacerbate intrarural health disparities.

BACKGROUND: In the areas of prevention and health promotion, there is a large number of measures for children and adolescents. One way of facilitating evidence-based action for those involved in these taks is by making available online evidence registers with customised, effectiveness-tested measures. The Green List Prevention is such a register and offers an overview of evidence-based programmes in Germany, currently with a focus on psychosocial health.
OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were (a) to analyse the characteristics of the available and evaluated programmes on the psychosocial health of children and adolescents, (b) to identify priorities and underrepresented areas of the Green List Prevention and (c) to optimise the search functions of the register.
METHODS: The characteristic features were recorded on the basis of the existing upper categories of the register entries which were differentiated into subcategories in an inductive procedure by at least two persons. In addition, deductive categories were added for relevant aspects concerning content and implementation. The upper and lower categories formed were operationalized with characteristic values. All entries were analyzed by using a data sheet and were descriptively evaluated.
RESULTS: The 102 programmes listed (as of 2/2024) addressed not only the primary target group of children and youth, but also secondary target groups (mainly teachers and guardians). Social and life skills programmes as well as trainings for guardians represented a focus. Behavioral prevention programmes on the topics of violence (including bullying) (63.7%), addiction (46.1%) and/or mental health (35.3%) were frequently represented, whereas nutrition and/or physical activity (4.9%) were hardly represented. Most of the programmes (88.2%) could be assigned to the eligibility criteria of the statutory health insurers (§20a SGB V). Potentials digital implementation forms and further implementation aspects were identified.
CONCLUSIONS: The Green List Prevention bundles a large number of different measures and that there is potential for expansion. Processing knowledge about effective measures in a user-friendly manner can be optimised through expanded search functions, so that resource-conserving, evidence-based action can be facilitated.
UNASSIGNED: In der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung existiert eine Vielzahl an Maßnahmen für Kinder und Jugendliche. Eine Möglichkeit, den Akteur*innen evidenzbasiertes Handeln in der Praxis zu erleichtern, sind online verfügbare Evidenzregister mit passgenauen wirksamkeitsgeprüften Maßnahmen. Die Grüne Liste Prävention ist ein solches Register und bietet eine Übersicht zu wirksamkeitsgeprüften Programmen in Deutschland, aktuell mit dem Fokus auf psychosoziale Gesundheit. ZIEL: Ziel ist es, (a) die Charakteristika der verfügbaren und evaluierten Programme zur psychosozialen Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu analysieren, (b) Schwerpunkte und unterrepräsentierte Bereiche der Grünen Liste Prävention zu identifizieren und (c) die Suchfunktionen des Registers zu optimieren.
METHODS: Die Erfassung der charakteristischen Merkmale erfolgte anhand der vorhandenen Oberkategorien der Registereinträge, diese wurden von mindestens zwei Personen in einem induktiven Verfahren in Unterkategorien ausdifferenziert. Darüber hinaus wurden deduktiv Kategorien zu inhaltlichen und umsetzungsrelevanten Aspekten ergänzt. Die gebildeten Ober- und Unterkategorien wurden mittels spezifischer Merkmalsausprägungen operationalisiert. Anhand eines Erhebungsbogens wurden alle Einträge analysiert und deskriptiv ausgewertet.
UNASSIGNED: Die 102 gelisteten Programme (Stand: 2/2024) adressieren nicht nur die primäre Zielgruppe der Kinder und Jugendlichen, sondern auch sekundäre Zielgruppen (vor allem Lehrkräfte und Erziehungsberechtigte). Einen Schwerpunkt bilden Sozial- und Lebenskompetenzprogramme sowie Schulungen für Erziehungsberechtigte. Verhaltenspräventive Programme zu den Themen Gewalt (inkl. Mobbing) (63,7%), Sucht (46,1%) und/oder psychische Gesundheit (35,3%) sind häufig vertreten, während Ernährung und/oder Bewegung (4,9%) kaum repräsentiert sind. Die meisten Programme (88,2%) lassen sich den Förderkriterien der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen (§20a SGB V) zuordnen. Potenziale zu digitalen Umsetzungsformen und weiteren Umsetzungsaspekten wurden identifiziert.
UNASSIGNED: Deutlich wird, dass die Grüne Liste Prävention eine Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen bündelt und Potenziale zur Erweiterung bestehen. Die anwendungsfreundliche Aufbereitung von Wissen über wirksame Maßnahmen kann durch erweiterte Suchfunktionen optimiert werden, sodass ressourcenschonendes, evidenzbasiertes Handeln gestärkt wird.

UNASSIGNED: The study determined the effects of corporate wellness programs (CWP) on Filipino workers\' physical, occupational, socio-emotional, intellectual, and spiritual wellness.
UNASSIGNED: The study looked into the components of a CWP, its forms of communication, the respondents\' level of participation, motivation, and their physical, occupational, socio-emotional, intellectual, and spiritual well-being to determine their wellness status during the pandemic. The study utilized an online survey to examine questions related to the efficacy of such programs, descriptive statistics, correlation analysis to assess the respondents\' socio-demographic profiles, and point biserial correlation to test the association of CWP to their wellness status.
UNASSIGNED: The research showed that 90% of the respondents participated in their organization\'s CWP, contradicting most studies that state CWP suffers from a low participation rate. CWP initiatives are mostly publicized through electronic mail, printed in memos, then posted on the bulletin board, and shared through the company website and social media. In addition, the study showed that overall wellness mean scores were higher in employees who were aware of their wellness programs than those who were not and in participating vis-à-vis non-participating employees.
UNASSIGNED: The study\'s six assumptions showed positive results, indicating that CWPs are beneficial in improving employees\' overall wellness. However, the per paradigm and overall wellness scores were weakly associated with participation and awareness status based on the point biserial correlation. No adverse effects were recorded in the study. In addition, the study discovered that employees were active in personal wellness initiatives, leading to high scores in their wellness dimensions. The study showed different individual wellness initiatives implying that employees were also proactive about their total well-being.