疫霉属含有100多种植物病原物种,它们寄生在各种植物中,包括经济上重要的水果,蔬菜,谷物,和森林树木,造成重大损失。全球农业受到疫霉属物种杀菌剂抗性的严重威胁,这使得必须充分理解这些机制,频率,和与抗性突变相关的非化学管理技术。杀菌剂抗性背后的机制,如靶位点突变,外排泵过表达,常规用于疫霉属物种的杀真菌剂的靶基因和代谢解毒途径的过表达,在这次审查中进行了彻底的审查。此外,它评估了各种疫霉和地理区域中抗性突变的频率,强调对多种药物耐药的菌株的增加。非化学品管理技术的有效性,包括生物控制,宿主抗性,综合虫害管理计划,和文化习俗,在减少杀菌剂的抗性也被彻底评估。该研究通过综合当前信息和确定知识差距,为未来的研究和可持续疾病管理策略的发展提供了重要的见解,以对抗疫霉属物种的杀菌剂抗性。
The genus
Phytophthora contains more than 100 plant pathogenic species that parasitize a wide range of plants, including economically important fruits, vegetables, cereals, and forest trees, causing significant losses. Global agriculture is seriously threatened by fungicide resistance in
Phytophthora species, which makes it imperative to fully comprehend the mechanisms, frequency, and non-chemical management techniques related to resistance mutations. The mechanisms behind fungicide resistance, such as target-site mutations, efflux pump overexpression, overexpression of target genes and metabolic detoxification routes for fungicides routinely used against
Phytophthora species, are thoroughly examined in this review. Additionally, it assesses the frequency of resistance mutations in various
Phytophthora species and geographical areas, emphasizing the rise of strains that are resistant to multiple drugs. The effectiveness of non-chemical management techniques, including biological control, host resistance, integrated pest management plans, and cultural practices, in reducing fungicide resistance is also thoroughly evaluated. The study provides important insights for future research and the development of sustainable disease management strategies to counter fungicide resistance in
Phytophthora species by synthesizing current information and identifying knowledge gaps.