Photoluminescence

光致发光
  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    有机硅酸盐玻璃(OSG)薄膜是现代电子器件中的重要组成部分,它们的电性能在器件性能中起着至关重要的作用。这篇全面的综述系统地研究了化学成分的影响,真空紫外线(VUV)照射,和等离子体处理对这些薄膜的电性能。通过对文献和实验结果的广泛调查,我们阐明了这些因素之间复杂的相互作用,以及由此产生的电导率变化,介电常数,OSG薄膜的击穿强度。主要关注领域包括掺入二氧化硅基质中的各种有机部分的影响,VUV辐照对薄膜性能的影响,以及各种等离子体处理技术引起的修饰。此外,讨论了控制这些现象的潜在机制,在不同环境条件下OSG薄膜中发生的复杂分子相互作用和结构重排的发光。表明,与先前报道的Fowler-Nordheim机制相比,相邻中性陷阱之间的声子辅助电子隧穿可以更准确地描述OSG低k材料中的电荷传输。此外,低k材料的质量显着影响泄漏电流的行为。在孔壁上保留残留致孔剂或吸附水的材料显示出与孔表面积和孔隙率直接相关的电导率。相反,无致孔剂材料,由Urbanowicz开发,表现出与孔隙率无关的泄漏电流。这强调了在理解这些材料的电特性时考虑内部缺陷(例如缺氧中心(ODC)或类似实体)的关键重要性。
    Organosilicate glass (OSG) films are a critical component in modern electronic devices, with their electrical properties playing a crucial role in device performance. This comprehensive review systematically examines the influence of chemical composition, vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation, and plasma treatment on the electrical properties of these films. Through an extensive survey of literature and experimental findings, we elucidate the intricate interplay between these factors and the resulting alterations in electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, and breakdown strength of OSG films. Key focus areas include the impact of diverse organic moieties incorporated into the silica matrix, the effects of VUV irradiation on film properties, and the modifications induced by various plasma treatment techniques. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms governing these phenomena are discussed, shedding light on the complex molecular interactions and structural rearrangements occurring within OSG films under different environmental conditions. It is shown that phonon-assisted electron tunneling between adjacent neutral traps provides a more accurate description of charge transport in OSG low-k materials compared to the previously reported Fowler-Nordheim mechanism. Additionally, the quality of low-k materials significantly influences the behavior of leakage currents. Materials retaining residual porogens or adsorbed water on pore walls show electrical conductivity directly correlated with pore surface area and porosity. Conversely, porogen-free materials, developed by Urbanowicz, exhibit leakage currents that are independent of porosity. This underscores the critical importance of considering internal defects such as oxygen-deficient centers (ODC) or similar entities in understanding the electrical properties of these materials.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    一个全面的综述提出了一个有启发性的探索的巨大潜力,一种容易获得的有机化合物。这篇评论是一个宝贵的资源,提供了一个简明而全面的说明最近在药物化学中的应用,荧光传感,和有机合成。此外,它深入研究了基于Isatin的化学传感器的令人兴奋的进步,展示了他们卓越的检测和识别各种阳离子和阴离子的能力,具有卓越的精度。传感和有机化学领域的研究人员和科学家将发现,这篇评论对于激发创新和开发具有重大现实影响的尖端技术不可或缺。
    A comprehensive review presents an illuminating exploration of the vast potential of isatin, an easily accessible organic compound. This review is a valuable resource, offering a concise yet comprehensive account of the recent breakthroughs in isatin applications in medicinal chemistry, fluorescence sensing, and organic synthesis. Moreover, it dives into the exciting advancements in isatin-based chemosensors, demonstrating their remarkable ability to detect and recognize diverse cations and anions with exceptional precision. Researchers and scientists in the fields of sensing and organic chemistry will find this review indispensable for sparking innovation and developing cutting-edge technologies with significant real-world impact.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    生物材料科学家最近将注意力集中在评估将遗传物质递送到细胞中以诱导细胞反应的各个方面。该过程涉及络合带负电荷的质粒,然后将产生的包装放入细胞中,由脂质促进的过程,肽,病毒,合成改性阳离子聚合物,和特定的无机纳米材料。在生物和生物医学应用中用于特定成像的基因递送的背景下,荧光纳米晶体或量子点(QD)提出了有希望的候选工程纳米粒子(NP)。本文献综述研究旨在研究量子点作为基因传递到视网膜细胞的新工具的潜力。量子点在这种情况下的熟练程度源于其独特的物理化学特性,包括光电和催化性能,这使它们成为生物传感成像的可行选择,药物输送,和基因递送应用。在基因传递给视网膜细胞的领域,如光致发光等因素,量子产率,生物相容性,尺寸,和形状在量子点的利用中起着至关重要的作用。在本文中,我们讨论了最合适的证书,并简要概述了调查结果,由相关的说明性样本支持,探索利用量子点传递遗传物质。
    Biomaterial scientists have recently focused their attention on evaluating various aspects of delivering genetic materials into cells to induce a cellular response. The process involves complexing negatively charged plasmids, followed by delivering the resulting package into cells, a process facilitated by lipids, peptides, viruses, synthetically modified cationic polymers, and specific inorganic nanomaterials. In the context of gene delivery for specific imaging in biological and biomedical applications, fluorescence nanocrystals or quantum dots (QDs) present promising candidates as engineered nanoparticles (NPs). This literature review study aims to investigate the potential of QDs as a novel tool for gene delivery to retinal cells. The proficiency of QDs in this context arises from their unique physicochemical characteristics, including optical electronic and catalytic properties, which render them viable options for biosensing imaging, drug delivery, and gene delivery applications. In the field of gene delivery to the retinal cells, factors such as photoluminescence, quantum yield, biocompatibility, size, and shape play crucial roles in the utilization of QDs. In this paper, we discuss the most appropriate credentials and briefly outline the findings, supported by relevant illustrative samples, to explore the delivery of genetic material utilizing QDs.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    有机发光二极管(OLED)中的蓝色发射对于其在固态照明和全色平板显示器中的应用至关重要。另一方面,高功率蓝色发射器仍然不常见,特别是那些能够实现国际委员会的会议(CIE,X,Y)在国家电视系统委员会(NTSC)蓝色标准中为(0.14,0.08)的坐标,并且具有超过5%的高外部量子效率(EQE),因为它们的分子设计提出了巨大的挑战。因此,创造有效的,稳定,纯净,深蓝色荧光材料至关重要。这里,讨论了蓝色荧光Zn(II)配合物如何用于制造有机发光二极管(OLED)。利用Zn(II)配合物很有吸引力,因为它们具有良好的发光特性,接受和流动性,和负担能力。这篇小型评论文章旨在概述自2018年以来已报道的发出蓝色荧光的Zn(II)配合物,同时强调使它们成为合适的OLED材料的独特品质。
    Blue emissions in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are essential for their application in solid-state lighting and full-colour flat panel displays. On the other hand, high-power blue emitters are still uncommon, especially those that can achieve the Commission Internationale de l\'Eclairage (CIE, X, Y) coordinates of (0.14, 0.08) in the National Television System Committee (NTSC) blue standard and have high external quantum efficiencies (EQE) of more than 5% because their molecular design presents an enormous challenge. Therefore, creating effective, stable, pure, and deep blue fluorescent materials is vital. Here, it is addressed how useful blue fluorescent Zn (II) complexes are for making organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Utilizing Zn (II) complexes is appealing because of their favourable luminous characteristics, acceptance and mobility, and affordability. This mini-review article aims to provide an overview of Zn (II) complexes that emit blue fluorescent light and have been reported since 2018, while highlighting the unique qualities that make them appropriate OLED materials.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    光致发光碳纳米粒子(PL-CNPs)是一类新的材料,由于其独特的特性而受到研究人员的极大兴趣,包括光致发光,高表面体积比,低成本,易于合成,高量子产率,和生物相容性。通过利用这些杰出的特性,许多研究已经报道了它作为传感器的效用,光催化剂,用于生物成像的探针,和光电应用。从临床应用到即时测试设备,药物装载到跟踪药物输送,和其他研究创新表明PL-CNPs是一种可以替代传统方法的新兴材料。然而,由于杂质的存在,一些PL-CNP具有较差的PL性能和选择性(例如,分子荧光团)和钝化分子产生的不利表面电荷,这阻碍了它们在许多领域的应用。为了解决这些问题,许多研究人员一直非常关注开发具有不同复合组合的新型PL-CNPs,以实现高PL性能和选择性。在这里,我们彻底讨论了用于制备PL-CNP的各种合成策略的最新发展,掺杂效应,光稳定性,生物相容性,以及在传感中的应用,生物成像,和药物输送场。此外,审查讨论了局限性,未来的方向,以及PL-CNPs在可能的潜在应用中的前景。
    Photoluminescent-carbon nanoparticles (PL-CNPs) are a new class of materials that received immense interest among researchers due to their distinct characteristics, including photoluminescence, high surface-to-volume ratio, low cost, ease of synthesis, high quantum yield, and biocompatibility. By exploiting these outstanding properties, many studies have been reported on its utility as sensors, photocatalysts, probes for bio-imaging, and optoelectronics applications. From clinical applications to point-of-care test devices, drug loading to tracking of drug delivery, and other research innovations demonstrated PL-CNPs as an emerging material that could substitute conventional approaches. However, some of the PL-CNPs have poor PL properties and selectivity due to the presence of impurities (e.g., molecular fluorophores) and unfavourable surface charges by the passivation molecules, which impede their applications in many fields. To address these issues, many researchers have been paying great attention to developing new PL-CNPs with different composite combinations to achieve high PL properties and selectivity. Herein, we thoroughly discussed the recent development of various synthetic strategies employed to prepare PL-CNPs, doping effects, photostability, biocompatibility, and applications in sensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery fields. Moreover, the review discussed the limitations, future direction, and perspectives of PL-CNPs in possible potential applications.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    不同生物荧光测定,工业上,和环境重要的分析物是一种强大的技术,因为这种技术具有出色的选择性,高灵敏度,快速光致发光响应,低成本,生物成像的适用性,和低检测限。荧光成像是筛选生命系统中不同分析物的强大技术。杂环有机化合物已被广泛用作荧光化学传感器,用于测定不同的生物学重要阳离子,例如Co2,Zn2+,Cu2+,Hg2+,Ag+,Ni2+,Cr3+,Al3+,Pd2+,Fe3+Pt2+,Mn2+,Sn2+,Pd2+,Au3+,Pd2+,Cd2+,生物和环境系统中的Pb2+和其他离子。这些化合物还显示出重要的生物学应用,例如抗癌,抗溃疡,抗真菌药,抗炎,抗神经病,抗组胺药,抗高血压药,镇痛药,抗结核,抗氧化剂,抗疟药,抗寄生虫,抗糖基化,抗病毒抗肥胖,和抗菌效力。在这次审查中,我们总结了基于荧光化学传感器的杂环有机化合物及其在生物成像研究中的应用,以识别不同的生物重要金属离子。
    Fluorometric determination of different biologically, industrially, and environmentally important analytes is a powerful technique because this technique has excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, rapid photoluminescence response, low cost, applicability to bioimaging, and low detection limit. Fluorescence imaging is a powerful technique for screening different analytes in the living system. Heterocyclic organic compounds have been extensively used as a fluorescence chemosensor for the determination of different biologically important cations like Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ag+, Ni2+, Cr3+, Al3+, Pd2+, Fe3+ Pt2+, Mn2+, Sn2+, Pd2+, Au3+, Pd2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and other ions in biological and environmental systems. These compounds also showed significant biological applications such as anti-cancer, anti-ulcerogenic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti neuropathic, antihistaminic, antihypertensive, analgesic, antitubercular, antioxidant, antimalarial, antiparasitic, antiglycation, antiviral anti-obesity, and antibacterial potency. In this review, we summarize the heterocyclic organic compounds based on fluorescent chemosensors and their applications in bioimaging studies for the recognition of different biologically important metal ions.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    碳量子点(CQDs),具有突出的生物相容性,有吸引力的催化性能,优异的光学性能,和宝贵的环境友好,正在成为设计发光器件的新范式,并在生物医学传感器等应用领域显示出巨大的潜力,光学和光子器件。此外,CQDs被称为21世纪最有前途的碳基纳米材料之一。因此,自2004年首次发现以来,它们引起了很多关注。在这次审查中,我们解释了公认的CQDs的光致发光机制,包括荧光和磷光。有两种主要类型的综合策略:自上而下的方法和自下而上的方法。同时,主要应用领域,包括离子检测,防伪,生物成像,食品安全,传感器,润滑添加剂,被审查。最后,现有的瓶颈,讨论了CQD未来的未决问题和前景。
    Carbon quantum dots (CQDs), having outstanding biocompatibility, attractive catalytic performance, excellent optical properties, and valuable environment friendliness, are emerging as a new paradigm to design luminescent devices and show great potential in application fields such as biomedical sensors, optical and photonic devices. Furthermore, CQDs are known as one of the most promising carbon-based nanomaterials in the 21st century. Therefore, they have attracted a lot of attention since they were first discovered in 2004. In this review, we explain the accepted photoluminescence mechanism of CQDs, including fluorescence and phosphorescence. There are two main types of synthesis strategies: top-down approach and bottom-up approach. At the same time, the main application fields, including ion detection, anti-counterfeiting, biological imaging, food safety, sensors, lubrication additives, are reviewed. Finally, the existing bottlenecks, pending problems and prospects for the future of CQDs are discussed.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    近几十年来,光致发光(PL)材料具有优异的光学性能一直是研究的热点。氧化石墨烯(GO)因其独特的光学性质而成为PL材料的优良候选材料,与纯石墨烯相比。GO中内部带隙的存在可以显着丰富其光学性质。因此,GO在材料科学、生物医学,防伪,等等。在过去的十年里,GO和量子点(GOQDs)作为发光材料引起了众多研究者的关注,但是它们的发光机制仍然不明确,虽然已经取得了一些理论成果。此外,GO和GOQDs具有荧光猝灭特性,可用于医学成像和生物传感器。在这次审查中,我们概述了GO和GOQD的光致发光现象和猝灭过程的最新工作。首先,对GO的PL机制进行了深入的探讨。第二,介绍了GO的荧光猝灭机理和调控。在此之后,PL和荧光猝灭在GO-包括生物医学中的应用,电子设备,材料成像-被解决。最后,提出了PL和GO荧光猝灭的未来发展,并总结了探索GO光学性质的挑战。
    In recent decades, photoluminescence (PL) material with excellent optical properties has been a hot topic. Graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent candidate for PL material because of its unique optical properties, compared to pure graphene. The existence of an internal band gap in GO can enrich its optical properties significantly. Therefore, GO has been widely applied in many fields such as material science, biomedicine, anti-counterfeiting, and so on. Over the past decade, GO and quantum dots (GOQDs) have attracted the attention of many researchers as luminescence materials, but their luminescence mechanism is still ambiguous, although some theoretical results have been achieved. In addition, GO and GOQDs have fluorescence quenching properties, which can be used in medical imaging and biosensors. In this review, we outline the recent work on the photoluminescence phenomena and quenching process of GO and GOQDs. First, the PL mechanisms of GO are discussed in depth. Second, the fluorescence quenching mechanism and regulation of GO are introduced. Following that, the applications of PL and fluorescence quenching of GO-including biomedicine, electronic devices, material imaging-are addressed. Finally, future development of PL and fluorescence quenching of GO is proposed, and the challenges exploring the optical properties of GO are summarized.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    对癌症等疾病早期诊断的需求不断增加,糖尿病,神经变性可以满足与提供高灵敏度和特异性的材料的发展。石墨烯量子点(GQD)由于其优异的光稳定性和高的水分散性而被广泛研究用于热学应用。这些对于一系列生物医学应用具有吸引力,因为它们的物理化学和光电特性可以精确调整。然而,这些属性的许多方面仍有待探索。在本次审查中,我们已经讨论了合成参数对其与生物成像相关的物理化学特性的影响。我们已经强调了粒子特性对通过“打开”和“关闭”荧光和产生电化学信号来感测生物分子的影响。在描述了表面化学和溶液pH对光学性质的影响之后,对GQDs在药物递送和放射治疗中的应用提出了包容性观点.最后,还简要概述了它们在基因治疗中的应用。
    The rising demand for early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative can be met with the development of materials offering high sensitivity and specificity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been investigated extensively for theranostic applications owing to their superior photostability and high aqueous dispersibility. These are attractive for a range of biomedical applications as their physicochemical and optoelectronic properties can be tuned precisely. However, many aspects of these properties remain to be explored. In the present review, we have discussed the effect of synthetic parameters upon their physicochemical characteristics relevant to bioimaging. We have highlighted the effect of particle properties upon sensing of biological molecules through \'turn-on\' and \'turn-off\' fluorescence and generation of electrochemical signals. After describing the effect of surface chemistry and solution pH on optical properties, an inclusive view on application of GQDs in drug delivery and radiation therapy has been given. Finally, a brief overview on their application in gene therapy has also been included.
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  • 文章类型: Journal Article
    X-ray excited fluorescence tomography is an emerging field in the application of bio-imaging and computer tomography. Some rare-earth doped inorganic phosphors like gadolinium oxide (Gd2 O3 ), yttrium oxide (Y2 O3 ), zinc tungstate (ZnWO4 ), cesium fluoride (CsF), barium fluorochloride (BaFCl), lanthanum oxybromide (LaOBr) are shown outstanding applications for X-ray excited phosphors. Gadolinium (Gd)-based inorganic phosphors show extraordinary applications in the field of X-ray chromatography and computer chromatography. In this review article, we discussed the general information about X-ray excited luminescence (XEL) phosphor. Further, we discussed importance, synthesis, structural and photoluminescence (PL) properties of rare-earth (Europium (Eu)) doped Gd2 O3 . To elaborate the scope of the review, we have discussed synthesis, structural and optical properties of lithium (Li) doped Gd2 O3 :Eu. At the end of the review, synthesis, structural and optical properties of Eu doped lutetium oxide (Lu2 O3 ) have been discussed and the results compared with Eu doped Gd2 O3 . The comparison provided the understanding of structural and optical peak position of host and the dopant (Eu).
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