Abstract：
The rising demand for early-stage diagnosis of diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative can be met with the development of materials offering high sensitivity and specificity. Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) have been investigated extensively for theranostic applications owing to their superior photostability and high aqueous dispersibility. These are attractive for a range of biomedical applications as their physicochemical and optoelectronic properties can be tuned precisely. However, many aspects of these properties remain to be explored. In the present review, we have discussed the effect of synthetic parameters upon their physicochemical characteristics relevant to bioimaging. We have highlighted the effect of particle properties upon sensing of biological molecules through \'turn-on\' and \'turn-off\' fluorescence and generation of electrochemical signals. After describing the effect of surface chemistry and solution pH on optical properties, an inclusive view on application of GQDs in drug delivery and radiation therapy has been given. Finally, a brief overview on their application in gene therapy has also been included.
摘要：
对癌症等疾病早期诊断的需求不断增加，糖尿病,神经变性可以满足与提供高灵敏度和特异性的材料的发展。石墨烯量子点（GQD）由于其优异的光稳定性和高的水分散性而被广泛研究用于热学应用。这些对于一系列生物医学应用具有吸引力，因为它们的物理化学和光电特性可以精确调整。然而,这些属性的许多方面仍有待探索。在本次审查中，我们已经讨论了合成参数对其与生物成像相关的物理化学特性的影响。我们已经强调了粒子特性对通过“打开”和“关闭”荧光和产生电化学信号来感测生物分子的影响。在描述了表面化学和溶液pH对光学性质的影响之后，对GQDs在药物递送和放射治疗中的应用提出了包容性观点.最后,还简要概述了它们在基因治疗中的应用。
