作为国际上最具影响力的大型教育评估之一,国际学生评估计划(PISA)为国际教育的横向比较和参考提供了宝贵的平台。认知诊断模型,一种新产生的评价理论,可以通过认知分析将测量目标整合到认知过程模型中,从而更好地理解学生对细粒度知识点的掌握。在PISA2012的数学测量框架的基础上,本研究从三个维度形成了11个属性。选择了来自10个国家的24,512名学生参加答题的12个测试项目,分析分为几个步骤。首先,对11个属性和12个测试项目之间的关系进行分类,形成Q矩阵。第二,建立了PISA数学考试的认知模型。通过模型比较,选择模型拟合较好的线性逻辑模型(LLM)作为参数评价模型。通过分析这些国家的知识状态和属性之间的前提关系,本研究探讨了学生在内容领域的不同学习轨迹。结果显示,来自澳大利亚的学生,加拿大,联合王国,和俄罗斯有着相似的主要学习轨迹,而芬兰和日本的主要学习轨迹是一致的。美国和中国的主要学习轨迹是相同的。此外,新加坡的学习轨迹是最复杂的,因为它显示了一个多样化的学习过程,而美国和沙特阿拉伯的轨迹相对简单。本研究从三个维度的内容总结了学生对11种认知属性的掌握程度的差异,process,以及10个国家的背景,为进一步了解其他国家的PISA测试结果提供了参考,也为更深入地了解各国数学教育的优势和劣势提供了一些证据。
As one of the most influential international large-scale educational assessments, the Program for International Student Assessment (
PISA) provides a valuable platform for the horizontal comparisons and references of international education. The cognitive diagnostic model, a newly generated evaluation theory, can integrate measurement goals into the cognitive process model through cognitive analysis, which provides a better understanding of the mastery of students of fine-grained knowledge points. On the basis of the mathematical measurement framework of PISA 2012, 11 attributes have been formed from three dimensions in this
study. Twelve test items with item responses from 24,512 students from 10 countries participated in answering were selected, and the analyses were divided into several steps. First, the relationships between the 11 attributes and the 12 test items were classified to form a Q matrix. Second, the cognitive model of the
PISA mathematics test was established. The liner logistic model (LLM) with better model fit was selected as the parameter evaluation model through model comparisons. By analyzing the knowledge states of these countries and the prerequisite relations among the attributes, this
study explored the different learning trajectories of students in the content field. The result showed that students from Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Russia shared similar main learning trajectories, while Finland and Japan were consistent with their main learning trajectories. The primary learning trajectories of the United States and China were the same. Furthermore, the learning trajectory for Singapore was the most complicated, as it showed a diverse learning process, whereas the trajectory in the United States and Saudi Arabia was relatively simple. This
study concluded the differences of the mastery of students of the 11 cognitive attributes from the three dimensions of content, process, and context across the 10 countries, which provided a reference for further understanding of the PISA test results in other countries and shed some evidence for a deeper understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of mathematics education in various countries.