随着世界人口的增加,对获得清洁水的需求将继续增加。为了可持续发展和拥抱技术进步,考虑使用当地丰富的自然资源作为原材料和纳米技术技术进行材料制造的过滤材料开发方法似乎是合理的。这篇综述和研究论文将介绍作者如何将纳米技术应用于过滤介质开发的观点,重点关注砷酸盐的修复。被砷污染的饮用水是一个新兴的全球性挑战。持续暴露于含高浓度砷的饮用水可能导致几种类型的癌症。考虑到这一点,2001年,美国环保署将10ppb定为砷的最大污染物水平,从最初的50ppb开始。因此,砷修复是减轻砷水平升高的水体附近居民的这些健康风险的关键。吸附被认为是最便宜的。然而,从文学,由于与低吸附容量和高水平的颗粒浸出到纯净水中相关的挑战,大多数吸附剂不能用于现场应用,从而造成健康危险。因此,这意味着这些吸附剂中的许多在经济上是不可行的。一种新的壳聚糖,铝,钛,通过溶胶-凝胶工艺制备了铁和锆(CTS-Al-Ti-Fe-Zr)混合物。通过扫描电子显微镜对材料进行了表征,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller和吸附前后的傅里叶变换红外光谱。作为吸附剂剂量影响的函数,分别研究了对As(V)的批量吸附性能,pH值,初始浓度,接触时间和竞争离子。表征结果表明,该材料为多晶,比表面积为56.4m2g-1。Further,FTIR和SEM-EDAX显示砷酸盐在纳米复合材料表面的吸附。研究结果表明,仅使用100mg的吸附剂砷酸盐可以分别从300ppb的初始浓度降低到小于10ppb。去除砷酸盐的最大吸附容量记录为123mg/g。SiO32-的存在,CO32-,和HCO3-离子导致砷酸盐的吸附效率略有下降。平衡数据与朗缪尔等温线0.99518拟合良好。来自制造的原型使用点过滤器的数据表明,使用60.0g纳米复合材料,可以将具有300ppb的砷酸盐初始浓度的650L饮用水减少到小于10ppb。总之,研究结果表明,纳米复合材料能够将受污染的饮用水中的砷酸盐去除到世卫组织可接受的水平,并有可能扩大规模用于商业应用。
The demand for access to clean water will continue to increase as the world population increases. For sustainable development and embracement of technological advancement, it is plausible to consider a filter material development approach that uses locally abundant natural resources as the raw material and nanotechnology techniques for material fabrication. The review and research paper will present a perspective of the authors on how to embrace nanotechnology for filter media development with key focus on the remediation of arsenate. Drinking water contaminated with arsenic is an emerging global challenge. Continuous exposure to drinking water with high levels arsenic could result in several types of cancer. With this in mind, the US EPA in 2001 set 10 ppb as the maximum contaminant level of arsenic from the initial 50 ppb. Therefore, arsenic remediation is key in mitigating these health risks in people residing near water bodies with elevated arsenic levels. Adsorption is considered to be the cheapest. However, from literature, majority of the adsorbents cannot be used in field applications due to challenges associated with low adsorption capacity and a high level of particle leaching into purified water thus posing health dangers. Therefore, it means that many of these adsorbents are economically non-viable. A new chitosan, aluminium, titanium, iron and zirconium (CTS-Al-Ti-Fe-Zr) hybrid was fabricated through the sol-gel process. The material was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy before and after adsorption. Batch adsorption properties towards As(V) were separately studied as a function of the effect of adsorbent dose, pH, initial concentration, contact time and competing ions. Characterization results show that the material is a polycrystalline with a specific surface area of 56.4 m2g-1. Further, FTIR and SEM-EDAX showed adsorption of arsenate on the surface of the
nanocomposite. Research findings suggest that with only 100 mg of the adsorbent arsenate can be reduced to less than 10 ppb from an initial concentration of 300 ppb respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for arsenate removal was recorded as 123 mg/g. The presence of SiO3 2-, CO3 2-, and HCO3 - ions resulted in a slight decline in the adsorption efficiency of arsenate. The equilibrium data fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm 0.99518. Data from the fabricated prototype Point-of-use filter showed that with 60.0 g of the
nanocomposite, it is possible to reduce 650 L of drinking water with an arsenate initial concentration of 300 ppb to less 10 ppb. In conclusion, the research findings suggest that the
nanocomposite material is capable of removal of arsenate from contaminated drinking water to WHO acceptable levels with a potential to be up scaled for commercial applications.