全球每年产生数亿公吨的塑料垃圾。将废物加工成二次原料优于能源生产和填埋。然而,机械回收通常会降低塑料废物的性能,限制其潜在的应用范围。纳米复合材料制造是一种解决方案,将塑料废物回收到增值应用中,由于纳米材料增强产生的性能得到改善,然而收到的研究很少。这次审查的目的是介绍目前的状况,确定研究差距,并为进一步研究从塑料废料制备的聚合物纳米复合材料提供主题,处理方法,增强性能,可持续性经济学,纳米材料安全,和应用。发现形态学上,机械,热,阻燃性,物理,屏障,塑料废物的电气和屏蔽性能可以通过不同纳米材料的低负载来增强,使它们成为各种应用的有前途的材料,包括电子,屏蔽,热,包装,过滤,和水处理。利用塑料废物代替原始聚合物在经济和可持续性方面是有益的。但是大多数纳米材料的能源密集型和昂贵的生产,塑料废物预处理方法可以抵消这些好处。为了提高可持续性,应进一步研究能源友好型纳米材料在塑料废物纳米复合材料中的利用。还需要对聚合物纳米复合材料的安全性进行进一步研究,因为塑料废物的成分未知,并且在纳米复合材料的生命周期中可能会释放纳米材料。总而言之,需要对原始聚合物和塑料废物纳米复合材料进行进一步的研究和国家法规和指导。
Hundreds of millions of metric tons of plastic waste are generated globally every year. Processing waste into secondary raw material is preferred over energy production and landfilling. However, mechanical recycling generally deteriorates the properties of plastic waste limiting its range of potential applications.
Nanocomposite fabrication is a solution to recycle plastic waste into value-added applications due to improved properties generated by nanomaterial reinforcement, however received little study. The aim of this
review is to present the current status, identify research gaps and provide topics for further research of polymer nanocomposites prepared from plastic waste in respect to utilized materials, processing methods, enhanced properties, sustainability, economics, nanomaterial safety, and applications. It is found that morphological, mechanical, thermal, flame retardancy, physical, barrier, electrical and shielding properties of plastic waste can be enhanced with low loadings of different nanomaterials making them promising materials for various applications including electronic, shielding, thermal, packaging, filtration, and water treatment. Utilization of plastic waste instead of virgin polymers can be beneficial in respect to economics and sustainability, but the energy intensive and expensive production of the most nanomaterials, and the plastic waste pretreatment methods can negate these benefits. To enhance sustainability, further research should be conducted on utilization of energy friendly nanomaterials in plastic waste nanocomposites. Further research is needed also on polymer
nanocomposite safety because of the unknow composition of the plastic waste and the potential for nanomaterial release during
nanocomposite\'s life cycle. All in all, further research and national regulations and guidance are needed on virgin polymer and plastic waste nanocomposites.