背景:常规计划数据表明,在肯尼亚中部肯尼亚卫生解决方案中心支持的地点,艾滋病毒检测服务(HTS)的阳性率低于2%。要实现艾滋病规划署95:95:95的目标,就需要在资源不断减少的环境中不断识别艾滋病毒感染者。我们评估了检测HIV阳性的人的非临床和临床特征,旨在通过提供者发起的HIV检测和咨询(PITC)改善HTS过程。
方法:我们对2018年10月至2019年9月从肯尼亚中部三个县的六个医疗机构收集的常规PITC计划数据进行了回顾性分析。分层是基于县和设施的数量。多变量逻辑回归模型,使用稳健的标准误差对设施进行聚类调整,用于确定HIV阳性结果的预测因子。
结果:总样本为80,693,总阳性率为1.2%。大多数,(65.5%),为女性,6.1%<15岁。大多数客户,55,464(68.7%),以前检测过艾滋病毒。在多变量分析中与较高的阳性几率相关的客户特征包括:女性(调整后的优势比[aOR]1.27,95%置信区间[CI](1.03-1.57);与15岁以下的儿童相比,15岁及以上的成年人,离婚和已婚一夫多妻制与已婚一夫一妻制相比[分别为aOR3.98,95%CI(2.12-7.29)和aOR2.4195%CI(1.48-3.94)];首次测试的客户与少于12个月的重复测试者相比[aOR1.39,95%CI(1.27-1.51)]。同样,超过12个月的重复测试人员与少于12个月的重复测试人员相比[aOR1.90,95%CI(1.55-2.32)];推定结核病客户与没有结核病迹象的客户相比[aOR16.25,95%CI(10.63-24.84)]。与在门诊部(OPD)进行测试的客户相比,在住院部(IPD)进行测试的客户更有可能获得HIV阳性结果,和其他部门。
结论:研究结果突出了客户特征,例如年龄,婚姻状况,艾滋病毒测试切入点,第一次测试,12个月后重复测试,和结核病状况是可能影响PITC结果的因素,可用于开发筛选工具,以在低HIV患病率环境中针对符合条件的HTS客户。
BACKGROUND: Routine program data indicates positivity rates under 2% from HIV testing services (HTS) at sites supported by Centre for Health Solutions-Kenya in Central Kenya. Achieving the UNAIDS 95:95:95 goals requires continuous identification of people living with HIV in an environment of diminishing resources. We assessed non-clinical and clinical characteristics of persons who tested HIV-positive aimed at improving the process of HTS through Provider-Initiated HIV Testing & Counseling (PITC).
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of routine PITC program data collected between October 2018 and September 2019 from six health facilities located in three counties in central Kenya. Stratification was based on county and facility volume. A multivariable logistic regression model, clustered adjusted for facility using robust standard errors, was used to determine predictors of a positive HIV result.
RESULTS: The total sample was 80,693 with an overall positivity rate of 1.2%. Most, (65.5%), were female and 6.1% were < 15 years. Most clients, 55,464 (68.7%), had previously tested for HIV. Client characteristics associated with a higher odds of positivity on multivariable analysis included: being female (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] (1.03-1.57); adults 15 years and above compared to children < 15 years, divorced and married polygamous compared to married monogamous [aOR 3.98, 95% CI (2.12-7.29) and aOR 2.41 95% CI (1.48-3.94) respectively]; clients testing for the first time compared to repeat testers in less than 12 months [aOR 1.39, 95% CI (1.27-1.51)]. Similarly, repeat testers in more than 12 months compared to repeat testers in less than 12 months [aOR 1.90, 95% CI (1.55-2.32)]; presumptive TB clients compared to those without signs of TB [aOR 16.25, 95% CI (10.63-24.84)]. Clients tested at inpatient departments (IPD) were more likely to get a positive HIV result compared to those tested at outpatient departments (OPD), and other departments.
CONCLUSIONS: The study findings highlight client characteristics such as age, marital status, HIV test entry point, first-time test, repeat test after 12 months, and TB status as factors that could influence PITC results and could be used to develop a screening tool to target eligible clients for HTS in low HIV prevalence settings.