Liposuction is a surgical procedure used to remove localized excess adipose tissue. According to The Aesthetic Society\'s latest annual report, liposuction is the most commonly performed cosmetic procedure. Despite its popularity, the existing literature lacks a unified understanding of the risks associated with liposuction. The aim of this study was to measure complications of liposuction. A systematic review and meta-analysis was reported according to PRISMA guidelines and registered on the PROSPERO database (CRD42023471626). The primary outcome was overall complication rate. The absolute risk for individual complications was also assessed. From 2957 articles, 39 studies were selected for analysis. In total, 29,368 patients were included, with a mean age of 40.62 years and mean BMI of 26.36 kg/m2. Overall, the rate of any complication was 2.62 (95% CI, 1.78-3.84). The most common complication was contour deformity, with a prevalence of 2.35% (95% CI, 1.05%-5.16%). The prevalence of hyperpigmentation was 1.49% (95% CI, 1.12%-1.99%), seroma 0.65% (95% CI, 0.33%-1.24%), hematoma 0.27% (95% CI, 0.12%-0.60%), superficial burn 0.25% (95% CI, 0.17%-0.36%), allergic reaction 0.16% (95% CI, 0.050%-0.52%), skin necrosis 0.046% (95% CI, 0.013%-0.16%), generalized edema 0.041% (95% CI, 0.0051%-0.32%), infection 0.020% (95% CI, 0.010%-0.050%), venous thromboembolism 0.017% (95% CI, 0.0060%-0.053%), and local anesthesia toxicity 0.016% (95% CI, 0.0040%-0.064%). Liposuction is a safe procedure with low complications, of which contour deformity is the most common. Raising awareness of specific risks can enhance surgical outcomes and improve patient-physician understanding.
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UNASSIGNED: Although systemic complications following liposuction are rare, visual impairment has been reported in a few cases and may occur for a variety of reasons. Here we present the case of a 31-year-old woman who underwent 360° liposuction and subsequently developed headaches and delayed partial visual disturbance 10 days after the procedure. She had symptoms suggestive of idiopathic intracranial hypertension, which was confirmed by lumbar puncture. A literature search revealed other case reports of visual changes or headaches following high-volume liposuction. Our case provides further evidence of a rare association between liposuction and idiopathic intracranial hypertension, emphasizing the need for thorough preoperative evaluations and the consideration of possible risks.

UNASSIGNED: Breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) represents a colossal burden in terms of health and patient-reported outcomes. Surgical management plays a prominent role in the psychological and physical well-being of women suffering from BCRL. Therefore, we performed a narrative review of the current surgical management of BCRL and analyzed the postoperative results.
UNASSIGNED: A literature search was conducted across PubMed MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science from database inception through January 2, 2023. We included English-written studies evaluating postoperative outcomes of lymphatic surgery for the management of BCRL.
UNASSIGNED: The surgical management of lymphedema can be classified into two approaches: (I) physiologic procedures and (II) debulking or ablative procedures. While ablative procedures are intended to lessen the symptomatic burden of lymphedema via the removal of pathological tissues, physiologic procedures are performed to restore the abnormal lymphatic flow by creating bypasses into the venous or lymphatic circulation, or by creating new lymphatic connections by means of lymphangiogenesis. Physiologic procedures generate better outcomes in the early stages of lymphedema as there is some residual physiologic flow and vessels are less fibrotic, while ablative procedures are regarded to be the best alternative in very advanced lymphedema stages. A combination of physiologic and ablative procedures provides more comprehensive surgical management to BCRL.
UNASSIGNED: Lymphedema is a common complication of breast cancer treatment with an extensive incidence range. Postoperative outcomes of the surgical management of BCRL are heterogeneous despite most studies indicating favorable results after lymphatic surgery.

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive body contouring is becoming more popular in the United States as an alternative to liposuction. The most popular of these methods, cryolipolysis, uses precisely controlled cooling to reduce focal adiposities. The number of cryolipolysis procedures performed annually has experienced rampant growth in United States markets, and the indications have likewise diversified. In light of this change, it is imperative to perform an updated review of available US safety and efficacy data on cryolipolysis.
OBJECTIVE: To examine the safety and efficacy of cryolipolysis treatments in the United States using data extracted from research performed exclusively at US-based sites.
METHODS: In order to identify relevant studies, a literature search was conducted on PubMed using the terms \"CoolSculpting\" OR \"cryolipolysis\" OR \"lipocryolysis.\" Articles were manually reviewed to exclude literature reviews, research not performed on humans, studies on experimental combinations of techniques, and any studies not performed in the United States.
RESULTS: The initial literature search returned 246 results. Following manual review, a total of 18 studies were selected for data extraction. Mean reduction in fat thickness by ultrasound was 2.0-5.1 mm or 19.6%-32.3%; mean reduction by body caliper was 2.3-7 mm or 14.9%-21.5%. Side effects were mild and transient. Four instances of PAH were documented in 3453 treatment cycles.
CONCLUSIONS: Cryolipolysis is a safe, modestly effective method for reducing focal adiposity. Complications are rare and treatable. However, US-based studies are few in number and often of low power and/or quality. More high-quality research is needed for all aspects of cryolipolysis.

BACKGROUND: Obesity and excess body fat are known health issues and a major aesthetic concern. Numerous modalities have been developed to address unwanted deposits of adiposity, including the development of various noninvasive methods overcoming the limitations and risks of invasive alternatives. Cryoadipolysis, also known commonly as cryolipolysis, involves the harnessing of selective cryolysis, the selective cold-based damaging of subcutaneous fat cells which die via apoptosis, and are removed naturally by the body over time.
OBJECTIVE: To provide a brief but comprehensive summary of the literature supporting two related cryoadipolysis devices that are only available outside of North America, Cooltech and Cooltech Define (Sinclair).
CONCLUSIONS: Review of 10 available clinical studies evaluating the two devices, specifically, showed both devices to be safe, with side effects profiles comparable to those of similar platforms in the armamentarium. Both operate by non-invasively lowering the temperature of localized subcutaneous fat and maintaining it at or below a threshold that causes disruption of adipocytes via crystallization, inducing apoptosis (programmed cell death). Over time, clinically significant reductions in fat thickness and circumference of the treated area were noted. Patient satisfaction is high. The literature also highlights the necessity of adherence to patient selection and device use guidelines to minimize potential for rare paradoxical adipose hyperplasia and maximize patient satisfaction.

BACKGROUND: Cryolipolysis is a noninvasive procedure for localized fat reduction and body contouring. This technique utilizes controlled cooling to induce adipocyte apoptosis without damage to overlying skin and other tissue. Although the procedure was once thought to be relatively harmless, recent studies have shed light on the risks of adverse effects (AEs).
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article was to review AEs in cryolipolysis as published in clinical data.
METHODS: A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, using relevant keywords such as \"cryolipolysis,\" \"CoolSculpting,\" \"adverse effects,\" \"complications,\" and \"side effects\" with no set data range. The search was limited to studies published in English. The selected studies encompassed a variety of study designs, including randomized controlled trials, prospective cohort studies, case series, case reports, and reviews.
CONCLUSIONS: Since its FDA approval in 2010, our understanding of the potential risks and complications associated with cryolipolysis has grown significantly, and shown that the procedure may not be as harmless as once thought. Continued post-market surveillance of cryolipolysis devices combined with documenting of AE cases help providers better understand the true risks associated with this procedure. As \"cryolipolysis\" and \"CoolSculpting\" are often used interchangeably, further research is needed to understand if AEs such as paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) that occur both inside and outside the United States are CoolSculpting cases or linked to other devices. Additionally, further studies are needed to understand the pathophysiology of such sequelae as PAH, and to better recognize the risks and potential complications associated with cryolipolysis so that we can more accurately inform patients.

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UNASSIGNED: Little is known about the cosmetic surgery procedures sought by Nigerian women. Aim: We sought to report the proportion of cosmetic surgery procedures accessed by Nigerian women and determine any associations between the demographics and cosmetic procedures accessed.
UNASSIGNED: A retrospective review was conducted between January 2020 and July 2021 of all cosmetic surgery procedures at a single private cosmetic surgery practice. Data were analyzed using means, Mann-Whitney U-test, chi square test, and Fisher\'s exact test as appropriate. The statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.05.
UNASSIGNED: Of the 392 consultations for cosmetic procedures, 245 (62.5%) patients accessed cosmetic surgery. Most were women (239 (97.6%)) and single (178 (72.7%)). The median age of the patients at surgery was 29.0 years (IQR 26-33), the median weight was 78.8 kg (IQR 71.4-88.8), and the median body mass index (BMI) was 28.1 (IQR 25.7-32.3). Liposuction was the procedure accessed by nearly all the patients (224 (91.4%)). Next to this was bilateral buttock augmentation (199 (81.2%)). Other cosmetic procedures such as tummy tuck, facial cosmetic surgery, umbilicoplasty, and labiaplasty each constituted less than three percent of the patients. The abdomen (224 (91.4%)), back (219 (89.4%)), and arms (79 (32.2%)) were the most common regions of the body sought for liposuction, while the calves (2 (0.8%)) were the least. Liposuction of the arms was associated with the BMI (p < 0.003).
UNASSIGNED: Liposuction and bilateral buttock augmentation are the most common cosmetic surgery procedures accessed by this cohort of Nigerian women.

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