这篇评论文章提供了根据摄入而被塑料污染的沿海和海洋鸟类物种的说明,分类法,喂食集群,类型,形状,颜色和致命和亚致命的影响。在七大洲的39个国家/地区发现了受塑料污染的鸟类。全球分析表明,低,全球鸟类都有中等和高塑料摄入。Fulmars,shearwaters,海燕,信天翁,海鸥,和kittiwakes(所有海洋/海鸟)被发现在世界上几个地方的塑料污染。属于Procellariidae的鸟类,Laridae,Diomedeidae(按分类法),食鱼,软体动物,和can食(通过喂养习惯)被塑料污染最多。微塑料,中塑和大塑性(按尺寸),PP,PE,PS,PET,PAN和PVC(按类型),碎片,颗粒,纤维,泡沫,床单,线程,钓鱼线和薄膜(按形状)和白色,蓝色,绿色,黑色,clear,红色和黄色(按颜色)是鸟类最常见的塑料。受塑料污染的几种鸟类属于极度濒危物种,濒危和脆弱的类别。摄入塑料会对鸟类造成直接伤害,导致死亡。此外,塑料衍生的有毒化学添加剂和塑料吸附的有毒化学物质将是一个额外的压力源,导致致命和亚致命的影响,可能对鸟类的健康造成更大的伤害。建议采取一些措施来减少环境中的塑料污染,以保护鸟类和环境。
This review article provides an account of coastal and marine bird species contaminated with plastics in light of ingestion, taxonomy, feeding clusters, types, shapes, colours and lethal and sublethal effects. Bird species were found contaminated with plastics in 39 locations/countries across the seven continents.
Global analysis shows that low, medium and high plastic ingestion occurred in bird species across the globe. Fulmars, shearwaters, petrels, albatrosses, gulls, and kittiwakes (all marine/seabirds) were found contaminated with plastics in several locations in the world. Bird species belonging to the Procellariidae, Laridae, Diomedeidae (by taxonomy), piscivorous, molluscivorous, and cancrivorous (by feeding habits) were most contaminated with plastics. Microplastic, mesoplastic and macroplastic (by sizes), PP, PE, PS, PET, PAN and PVC (by types), fragments, pellets, fibres, foams, sheets, threads, fishing lines and films (by shapes) and white, blue, green, black, clear, red and yellow (by colours) were the most common plastics ingested by birds. Several bird species contaminated with plastics fall within the critically endangered, endangered and vulnerable categories. The ingestion of plastics can cause direct harm to birds resulting in death. In addition, plastic-derived toxic chemical additives and plastic-adsorbed toxic chemicals would be an additional stressor causing both lethal and sublethal effects that can cause greater harm to the health of birds. Several measures are suggested to reduce plastic pollution in the environment to safeguard birds and the environment.